Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate that amputees performing "virtual" movements of their amputated limb activate cortical areas previously devoted to their missing limb, we studied amputees with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomographic (PET) scans and compared the results with those of normal volunteers performing imaginary movements during fMRI acquisitions. METHODS:Ten amputees (age range, 33-92 yr; average age, 49 yr; six men and four women; eight upper-limb and two lower-limb amputations) able to move their phantom limb at will were studied by fMRI (all patients) and PET scan (seven patients). The time between amputation and fMRI and PET studies ranged from 1 to 27 years (average, 13 yr). Patients were asked to perform virtual movements of the amputated limb and normal movements of the contralateral normal limb according to the functional images acquisition procedure. Movements of the stump were also used to differentiate stump cortical areas from virtual movement-activated areas. Ten right-handed volunteers, age- and sex-matched to the amputees, were also studied by fMRI. All volunteers were asked to perform four tasks during their fMRI study: imaginary movements of their right arm (1 task) and foot (1 task) and real movements of their left arm (1 task) and foot (1 task). RESULTS:In amputees, virtual movements of the missing limbs produced contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex activation on both fMRI and PET scans. These activation areas, different from the stump activation areas, were similar in location to contralateral normal limb-activated areas. Quantitatively, in two amputees who claimed to be able to perform both slow and fast virtual movements, regional cerebral blood flow measured by PET scan in the precentral gyrus increased significantly during fast movements in comparison with slow virtual movements. In normal subjects, significant differences between real versus imaginary fMRI activations were found (for both foot and hand movements); imaginary right hand and foot tasks activated primarily the contralateral supplementary motor areas, with no significant activation detected in the contralateral precentral or postcentral gyri. CONCLUSION:Primary sensorimotor cortical areas can be activated by phantom-limb movements and thus can be considered functional for several years or decades after amputation. In this study, we found that the location of the activation of these areas is comparable to that of activations produced by normal movements in control subjects or in amputees.
journal_name
Neurosurgeryjournal_title
Neurosurgeryauthors
Roux FE,Lotterie JA,Cassol E,Lazorthes Y,Sol JC,Berry Idoi
10.1227/01.neu.0000093424.71086.8fkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
1342-52; discussion 1352-3issue
6eissn
0148-396Xissn
1524-4040journal_volume
53pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROSURGERY文献大全abstract::From 1985 to 1991, 13 children were diagnosed at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Saint Francis Medical Center, with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) by magnetic resonance imaging scan. Ages ranged from newborn to 5 years. Six children were premature neonates, five were term neonates and two w...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/00006123-199211000-00007
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cigarette smoking has been demonstrated to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Whether cessation of smoking decreases this risk remains unclear. We performed a case-control study to examine the effect of smoking and other known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease on the risk of SAH. METH...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006123-200109000-00014
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We describe an easy and useful method for treating hemifacial spasm related to the vertebral artery. METHODS:The technique entails the manufacture of a dural belt harvested from the cerebellar convexity dura and a dural bridge made at the petrous dura combined with the use of an aneurysm clip. The dural belt...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006123-199912000-00048
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Posttraumatic syringomyelia affects approximately 28% of spinal cord injury patients, and current treatments are often ineffective. The pathogenesis of this condition remains poorly understood. Previous reports have focused on pathways and mechanisms of fluid inflow; however, disturbances of fluid outflow me...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e31825927d6
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell therapy has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to enhance recovery in stroke survivors. However, despite an abundance of encouraging preclinical data, successful clinical translation remains elusive. As the field continues to advance, it is important to reexamine prior clinical trials in the context o...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/neuros/nyaa531
更新日期:2020-12-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate whether a beneficial clinical effect of cervical disk prostheses over conventional cervical diskectomy with fusion exists. METHODS:A literature search was completed ending February 4, 2009, that included the abstract books of recent major spine congresses. All studie...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000369189.09182.5F
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is used in tens of thousands of spinal fusions each year. A trial evaluating a high-dose BMP formulation demonstrated that its use may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether BMP, as commonly used today, is associated with an increased r...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000018
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Postcraniotomy subdural empyemas and epidural abscesses are uncommon, potentially lethal, complications of neurosurgery. Patients with these complications may be difficult to manage, and mortality can occur. METHODS:Between 1997 and 2006, the authors treated eight patients with recalcitrant postcraniotomy su...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000249253.63546.19
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In our studies of the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm, we have been emphasizing that microthrombosis may play an important role in the induction of cerebral ischemic symptoms or cerebral infarction. In this report, multiple microthrombi are demonstrated histologically to be a major cause of cerebral infarction in t...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/00006123-198308000-00018
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We report on 32 neonates treated with ventriculosubgaleal (VSG) shunts to determine VSG shunt survival and associated complications. METHODS:Between 1993 and 1997, 37 VSG shunts were placed in 32 neonates when the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the abdomen was considered unsuitable for ventriculoperitoneal shu...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006123-200007000-00018
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Freehand ventricular catheter placement may represent limited accuracy for the surgeon's intent to achieve primary optimal catheter position. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the accuracy of a ventricular catheter guide assisted by a simple mobile health application (mhealth app) in a multicenter, randomized, contr...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/neuros/nyx420
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present two cases of false aneurysm after carotid endarterectomy with primary arteriotomy closure. In both cases, infection appeared to be the precipitating cause. Both lesions were repaired with a saphenous vein patch graft, but infection in one patient persisted, and recurrence of a false aneurysm required ligati...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/00006123-198609000-00014
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from gerbil brain and cultured. These cells retained an endothelial-specific marker, FVIII-related antigen. Alkaline phosphatase activity was also present in early passage. Two weeks after plating, these cells were attached to the culture dishes and had become like cobbles...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006123-198909000-00009
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Recent studies of age-related effects on cognition and performance have raised concerns about the appropriate timing and regulatory surveillance of retirement for surgeons. Little is known about the practice patterns and retirement plans of aging neurosurgeons. Analyses of informed opinions on possible regula...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章
doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000349932.37540.02
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axial magnetic resonance (MR) images of non-neoplastic spinal cord cavities were reviewed in 115 patients with otherwise complete neurological and neuroradiological findings. The variations in axial morphology revealed three distinct cavitary patterns. These patterns were as follows: 1) symmetrically enlarged central ...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/00006123-199508000-00003
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endovascular neurosurgical procedures are complex, requiring significant planning, foresight, and coordination. The neuroanesthetist is an integral part of these procedures, organizing efforts of the technicians and nurses and responding to the needs of the neurointerventionalist. The purpose of this article is to rev...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000237337.38375.90
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the potential of novel magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic techniques for the assessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. METHODS:Forty patients who were about to undergo stereotactic radiosurgery were prospectively recruited. Three-dimensional, sliding-slab interleaved ky (SLINKY), t...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000279215.07763.a1
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flow diversion is a safe and effective treatment for many types of brain aneurysms. Even so, there remain some aneurysms that persist despite initial treatment. In studies with the longest follow-up (5 yr), at least 5% of aneurysms persist with this treatment modality. As the cumulative experience and clinical indicat...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/neuros/nyz305
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The increasing number of neurosurgical procedures for elderly patients and the development of skull base neurosurgery have increased interest in cerebral venous injury that might occur in a neurosurgical setting. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may have neuroprotective effects against cerebral venou...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e31820c048e
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The existence of tethering tracts in spinal dysraphism, other than congenital dermal sinus (CDS), has been recognized and has been summated into an integrated concept of limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM). OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the underlying embryology of LDM in relation to CDS by focusing on the pathologi...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/neuros/nyy058
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neuromodulation is used to restore neural function in disorders that stem from an imbalance in the activity of specific neural networks when they prove refractory to pharmacological therapy. The Kir2.1 gene contributes to stabilizing the resting potential below the threshold of activation of voltage-gated so...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e318283f59a
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arterial stenoses and/or occlusions in moyamoya disease are mainly localized intracranially, although some instances of stenotic lesions of the extracranial arteries have been reported in some autopsy cases. We have reviewed the angiograms of 66 patients with moyamoya disease to investigate whether stenotic lesions ar...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/00006123-199209000-00002
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the pathophysiology of stroke secondary to focal cerebral ischemia. The interaction of arachidonic acid metabolites and polyamines, a class of ubiquitous ornithine-derived molecules with important membrane effects on edema, Ca++-dependent endocytosis, platelet function, and prostaglandin (PG) forma...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/00006123-198510000-00017
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of cerebellopontine angle petrous bone osteoma manifesting as homolateral trigeminal neuralgia and causing a mild brain stem compression is presented. The literature concerning osteomas and particularly those affecting the temporal bone is reviewed. This is the second report of an osteoma located on the inner s...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1227/00006123-199412000-00018
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are the most frequent pituitary tumors. Visual symptoms from NFPAs are common and include visual field defects, loss of central vision, and motility problems resulting in diplopia. OBJECTIVE:To create evidence-based guidelines in an attempt to formulate guidance for...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引,评审
doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000001388
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate the technique of stereotactic microsurgical endoscopic removal of intraventricular tumors or colloid cysts assisted by intraoperative computed tomography. METHODS:We adapted a tubular "ventriculoport" for stereotactic insertion of an endoscope into the ventricle. This facilitated microsurgical...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000146227.75138.08
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:As the use of flow-diverting stents (FDSs) for intracranial aneurysms expands, a small number of case reports have described the successful treatment of blister aneurysms of the internal carotid artery with flow diversion. Blister aneurysms are uncommon and fragile lesions that historically ha...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000001412
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with air gun bullets in the 3rd ventricle associated with delayed ventricular hemorrhage is presented. Through an anterior transcallosal approach, the surgeon successfully removed the bullets without any significant permanent sequelae. ...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/00006123-198702000-00022
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients presented with syringomyelia, each unusual. After neuroradiographic diagnosis with delayed metrizamide computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an interesting diagnostic question arose. A percutaneous minidose metrizamide endomyelographic CT (PMDMECT) study clarified each situation an...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/00006123-198703000-00013
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neurophysiological monitoring is routinely used during neurosurgical procedures. Use of neurophysiological monitoring has extended to neuroendovascular procedures, but evidence of its impact on clinical outcome in this arena is limited. OBJECTIVE:To report the incidence of significant intraoperative somatos...
journal_title:Neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000510
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00