Abstract:
:A variety of lactic acid bacteria were screened for their ability to produce folate intracellularly and/or extracellularly. Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Leuconostoc spp. all produced folate, while most Lactobacillus spp., with the exception of Lactobacillus plantarum, were not able to produce folate. Folate production was further investigated in L. lactis as a model organism for metabolic engineering and in S. thermophilus for direct translation to (dairy) applications. For both these two lactic acid bacteria, an inverse relationship was observed between growth rate and folate production. When cultures were grown at inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics or salt or when the bacteria were subjected to low growth rates in chemostat cultures, folate levels in the cultures were increased relative to cell mass and (lactic) acid production. S. thermophilus excreted more folate than L. lactis, presumably as a result of differences in the number of glutamyl residues of the folate produced. In S. thermophilus 5,10-methenyl and 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate were detected as the major folate derivatives, both containing three glutamyl residues, while in L. lactis 5,10-methenyl and 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate were found, both with either four, five, or six glutamyl residues. Excretion of folate was stimulated at lower pH in S. thermophilus, but pH had no effect on folate excretion by L. lactis. Finally, several environmental parameters that influence folate production in these lactic acid bacteria were observed; high external pH increased folate production and the addition of p-aminobenzoic acid stimulated folate production, while high tyrosine concentrations led to decreased folate biosynthesis.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Sybesma W,Starrenburg M,Tijsseling L,Hoefnagel MH,Hugenholtz Jdoi
10.1128/aem.69.8.4542-4548.2003keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-08-01 00:00:00pages
4542-8issue
8eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Fungal multicopper oxidases have many potential industrial applications, since they perform reactions under mild conditions. We isolated a phenol oxidase from the fungus Acremonium murorum var. murorum that was capable of decolorizing plant chromophores (such as anthocyanins). This enzyme is of interest in laundry-cle...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.6.2610-2616.2001
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heat destruction characteristics of Clostridium botulinum spores suspended in tomato juice and phosphate buffer were determined by the survivor curve method with aluminum thermal death time tubes. Two type A strains of C. botulinum and a type B strain were evaluated. Strains A16037 and B15580 were implicated in ou...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.34.1.23-29.1977
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative assessment of growth of filamentous microorganisms, such as streptomycetes, is generally restricted to determination of dry weight. Here, we describe a straightforward methylene blue-based sorption assay to monitor microbial growth quantitatively, simply, and rapidly. The assay is equally applicable to un...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00778-13
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interactions of bacteria isolated from corroded copper coupons on thin films of copper evaporated onto germanium internal reflection elements were evaluated nondestructively in real time by attentuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The films were stable in the presence of flowing or st...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.7.1956-1962.1991
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new membrane filter agar medium (MI agar) containing a chromogen, indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronide, and a fluorogen, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, was developed to simultaneously detect and enumerate Escherichia coli and total coliforms (TC) in water samples on the basis of their enzyme activities. TC pro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.11.3534-3544.1993
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ninety-nine Campylobacter coli isolates were examined by bacterial restriction endonuclease DNA analysis (BRENDA) with HindIII. Isolates from poultry from the same environment had identical patterns, patterns of isolates carried by suckling piglets were generally the same as those of isolates recovered from their dams...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.48.3.545-549.1984
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sporulation of Bacillus larvae NRRL B-3650 occurred only at aeration rates lower than those used for cultivation of most Bacillus species. One possible explanation for the requirement for a low level of aeration in B. larvae is that toxic forms of oxygen such as H(2)O(2) and superoxide are involved. The superoxide dis...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.47.6.1228-1237.1984
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five different bacterial extracellular polymer extraction methods and a combination of two of these methods were compared on cultures of activated sludge, synthetic activated sludge, and Klebsiella aerogenes. High-speed centrifugation was the most effective extraction method for the K. aerogenes culture, based on the ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.40.2.179-185.1980
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biocontrol agents generally do not perform well enough under field conditions to compete with chemical fungicides. We determined whether transgenic strain SJ3-4 of Trichoderma atroviride, which expresses the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase-encoding gene, goxA, under a homologous chitinase (nag1) promoter had increas...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3959-3965.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective wastewater management is crucial to ensure the safety of water reuse projects and effluent discharge into surface waters. Multiple studies have demonstrated that municipal wastewater treatment with conventional activated sludge processes is inefficient for the removal of a wide spectrum of viruses in sewage....
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00616-20
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of phytoplasma-insect vector interactions and epidemiological surveys of plant yellows associated with the stolbur phytoplasma (StolP) require the identification of relevant candidate genes and typing markers. A recent StolP genome survey identified a partial coding sequence, SR01H10, having no homologue in th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02613-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, it is estimated that only 0.001% to 15% of bacteria in any given system can be cultured by use of commonly used techniques and media, yet culturing is critically important for investigations of bacterial function. Despite this situation, few studies have attempted to link culture-dependent and culture-indep...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01486-15
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the use of an oligonucleotide macroarray to profile the expression of 375 genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 during heat, acid, and osmotic stress. A set of known stress-associated genes in IL1403 was used as the internal control on the array. Every stress response was accurately de...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.11.6738-6747.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaf-cutter ants use plant matter to culture the obligate mutualistic basidiomycete Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. This fungus mediates ant nutrition on plant resources. Furthermore, other microbes living in the fungus garden might also contribute to plant digestion. The fungus garden comprises a young sector with recen...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00046-15
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During cold storage after milk collection, psychrotrophic bacterial populations dominate the microflora, and their extracellular enzymes, mainly proteases and lipases, contribute to the spoilage of dairy products. The diversity, dynamics, and enzymatic traits of culturable psychrotrophs in raw milk from four farms wer...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00866-07
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of autoproteolysis of Lactococcus lactis lactocepin III on its specificity towards beta-casein was investigated. beta-Casein degradation was performed by using either an autolysin-defective derivative of L. lactis MG1363 carrying the proteinase genes of L. lactis SK11, which was unable to transport oligopep...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.12.5134-5140.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In light of recent proposals that iron (Fe) availability may play an important role in controlling oceanic primary production and nutrient flux, its regulatory impact on N(2) fixation and production dynamics was investigated in the widespread and biogeochemically important diazotrophic, planktonic cyanobacteria Tricho...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.3.1044-1047.1994
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ensifer adhaerens is a soil bacterium that attaches to other bacteria and may cause lysis of these other bacteria. Based on the sequence of its small-subunit rRNA gene, E. adhaerens is related to Sinorhizobium spp. E. adhaerens ATCC 33499 did not nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) or Leucaena leucocephala, but with sy...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.7.3264-3268.2001
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus (CNGV) is an unclassified large DNA virus that morphologically resembles members of the Herpesviridae but contains a large (ca. approximately 280-kbp) linear double-stranded DNA. This virus has also been named koi herpesvirus, koi herpes-like virus, and cyprinid herp...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7285-7291.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycelial culture of Pleurotus florida produced highest extracellular laccase in optimum growth medium. At least two laccases (L(inf1) and L(inf2)) were shown to be present in the culture filtrate. Low-laccase-yielding mutants with impaired L(inf2) activity had poor mycelial growth and could not form fruit body, wherea...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.10.4120-4122.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intracellular pathogens Legionella micdadei and Legionella pneumophila are the two most common Legionella species that cause Legionnaires' disease. Intracellular replication within pulmonary cells is the hallmark of Legionnaires' disease. In the environment, legionellae are parasites of protozoans, and intracellul...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.9.3134-3139.1998
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains were used to develop ad hoc biofilms on the surfaces of virgin wooden vats used for cheese production. Two vats (TZ) were tested under controlled conditions (pilot plant), and two vats (TA) were tested under uncontrolled conditions (industrial plant). In each plant, one...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02868-15
更新日期:2015-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::To ascertain its physiological similarity to other methanogenic bacteria, Methanospirillum hungatii, the type species of the genus, was characterized nutritionally and biochemically. Good growth occurred in a medium consisting of mineral salts, cysteine sulfide reducing buffer, and an H2-CO2 (80:20) atmosphere. Additi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.34.4.371-376.1977
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biotransformation plays an increasingly important role in the industrial production of fine chemicals due to its high product specificity and low energy requirement. One challenge in biotransformation is the toxicity of substrates and/or products to biocatalytic microorganisms and enzymes. Biofilms are known for their...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.2.1639-1644.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When sucrose is provided as a substrate for glucosyltransferase (GTF), Spp+ cells of the oral bacteria Streptococcus gordonii grow embedded in an insoluble glucan mass associated with surfaces. Spp- phase variants with lower GTF activity, which either arise from or are grown with Spp+ cells, segregate preferentially a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.12.3648-3651.1991
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two genes involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus, nor-1 and ver-1, were localized to a 35-kb region on one A. parasiticus chromosome and to the genomic DNA fragment carried on a single cosmid, NorA. A physical and transcriptional map of the 35-kb genomic DNA insert in cosmid NorA was p...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.7.2665-2673.1995
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some Listeria monocytogenes internalins are recognized as contributing to invasion of mammalian tissue culture cells. While PrfA is well established as a positive regulator of L. monocytogenes virulence gene expression, the stress-responsive sigma(B) has been recognized only recently as contributing to expression of v...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02664-06
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the complex microecology and microenvironment of dental plaque, novel caries prevention strategies require modulating the microbial communities ecologically and reducing the cariogenic properties effectively. Antimicrobial peptide GH12 reduced the lactic acid production and exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis of ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00527-20
更新日期:2020-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Dairy propionic acid bacteria, particularly the species Propionibacterium freudenreichii, play a major role in the ripening of Swiss type cheese. Isometric and filamentous bacteriophages infecting P. freudenreichii have previously been isolated from cheese. In order to determine the origin of these bacteriophages, lys...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.1.231-238.2001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on elementary mode analysis, an Escherichia coli strain was designed for efficient conversion of glycerol to ethanol. By using nine gene knockout mutations, the functional space of the central metabolism of E. coli was reduced from over 15,000 possible pathways to a total of 28 glycerol-utilizing pathways that s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00670-09
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00