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Development and testing of a Faces Scale for the assessment of anxiety in critically ill patients.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Many patients experience anxiety during treatment in an intensive care unit, but intensive care patients are often not able to respond to existing validated measures of anxiety such as the Brief Symptom Inventory. We have developed a new single item Faces Anxiety Scale made up of drawings of five faces. AIMS:The aims of this study were to: (i) assess the ability of intensive care patients to respond to the Faces Anxiety Scale; and (ii) investigate whether the scale yields ordinal and interval data. ETHICS:The project was approved by two Human Research Ethics Committees. Patients were included in the study if they gave informed consent. INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS:(i) Intensive care patients (n = 40) were asked to respond to the Faces Anxiety Scale, the anxiety subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and a numerical analogue anxiety scale; and (ii) Hospital and University staff and students (n = 75) were asked to place the five faces in rank order. A further 100 staff members and students were asked to place each face at a point on a 60-cm triangular wedge according to the level of anxiety they thought the face showed. RESULTS:The Faces Anxiety Scale elicited more responses from intensive care patients than the numerical analogue anxiety scale the or anxiety subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory (36 vs. 25 vs. 17, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the testing of the order of the scale items, 93% of respondents independently placed the scale items in the order of least to most anxiety as intended in the design of the scale. In the testing for equality of intervals respondents placed the faces relatively equidistant, with no overlap of 95% confidence intervals around the mean distances. CONCLUSION:The Faces Anxiety Scale has minimal subject burden, elicits self report from intensive care patients more often than other simple scales, and has evidence of the interval scale properties of rank order and equality between the points on the scale.

journal_name

J Adv Nurs

journal_title

Journal of advanced nursing

authors

McKinley S,Coote K,Stein-Parbury J

doi

10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02508.x

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2003-01-01 00:00:00

pages

73-9

issue

eissn

0309-2402

issn

1365-2648

pii

2508

journal_volume

pub_type

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Development and testing of a Faces Scale for the assessment of anxiety in critically ill patients.