Abstract：
:In this study, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor hand area was used to test cortical excitability in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to TMS were studied at rest by utilising distinct paired-pulse TMS protocols. Out of 29 untreated PD patients and 29 healthy subjects, early cortical inhibition (1-6 ms) was studied in a first subgroup of 17 PD patients and 15 healthy subjects, whereas late cortical inhibition (20-200 ms) was studied in a second subgroup of 21 PD patients and 19 healthy subjects. In all PD patients the same TMS protocols were performed before and after 3 h of apomorphine infusion. In comparison to healthy subjects, untreated PD patients showed a significant reduction of both early and late cortical inhibition, which was maximal at 2-3 ms, and at 80-100 ms, respectively. Apomorphine administration consistently reversed all the MEP abnormalities found in PD patients. The lack of TMS effects on the Hoffman's reflex (HR), at those intervals revealing the reduced inhibition in PD patients, is compatible with a supraspinal origin of the observed MEP abnormalities. Our data suggest that the cortical and/or subcortical loss of dopaminergic transmission in PD patients is associated with impaired motor cortical inhibitory mechanisms, as tested by a decreased early and late MEP inhibition.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Pierantozzi M,Palmieri MG,Marciani MG,Bernardi G,Giacomini P,Stanzione Pdoi
10.1007/s002210100839keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-11-01 00:00:00pages
52-62issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
141pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The effects of an external constant force bias on the information transmitted (Ti) by the direction of isometric force exerted in 2-dimensional (2-D) space by human subjects were studied using an isometric manipulandum and random dot stereograms generated in a color display (Massey et al. 1988, Massey et al. 1990). Su...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231171
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative analysis of dendritic orientation in rapid Golgi sections of the lateral geniculate nucleus of Old World monkeys was performed with the help of a computer-microscope and a tree-analysing program. The orientation of intermediate and terminal dendritic segments of parvocellular and magnocellular multipolar ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236293
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated a double-label 2-DG protocol and method of analysis in which sequential injections of 3H- and 14C-2-DG were used to map brain metabolism during two distinct experimental treatments in the same animal. In initial studies, brain sections from rats given only 3H-2-DG or only 14C-2-DG were exposed on Ultro...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00270687
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular recordings were made from neurones in the ventromedial and parafasicular nuclei of the rat thalamus, many of which had demonstrable capsular or caudate projections. These cells responded to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral substantia nigra with a short latency (4 ms) inhibition presumed to be mo...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236662
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pertussis toxin upon the sensitivity of supraoptic oxytocin neurones to intravenous morphine (1-5000 micrograms/kg) in urethane-anaesthetized rats. The maximal inhibitory capacity of morphine was diminished by prior administration of pertussis toxin. Some...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230292
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corticofugal influence upon lateral geniculate units was evaluated by inactivating the visual cortex with a topical application of 3M KCL in rabbits. The results revealed a decrease of spontaneous firing in slow P cells following cortical depression suggesting a tonic corticofugal influence. The most consistently obse...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236189
更新日期：1977-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the dynamics of human saccades along various cardinal (horizontal and vertical) and oblique directions in two different experimental paradigms yielding fast and slow saccades, respectively. We found that the saturation of vectorial peak velocity with amplitude, which is already well known from earlier ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228123
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In three monkeys trained to finely grade grip force in a visuomotor step-tracking task, the effect of the context on neuronal force correlates was quantitatively assessed. Three trial types, which differed in force range, number, and direction of the force steps, were presented pseudo-randomly and cued with the color ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050827
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The firing of tuberoinfundibular neurones antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence was recorded during electrical stimulation of the preoptic and/or anterior hypothalamic areas (PO/AH) of the rostral hypothalamus. Parameters of stimulation were chosen which are known to cause increased secretion ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237074
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 12 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD): 6 with postural instability (Hoehn and Yahr Stage 3) and 6 without (Stage 2 or 2.5), using a quantitative test based on the clinical pull test. Their findings were compared with those for 12 healthy controls. The patients on their usual medications were pulled eith...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05553-8
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate whether priming stimulation influences the responses of intracortical inhibitory and facilitatory motor circuits to a subsequent plasticity-inducing inhibitory theta burst TMS paradigm. Using standard transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) procedures, MEP amplitude, short-interval intracortical inhibit...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2886-6
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the connections of cerebellar cortical lobule HVI in the rabbit. We have studied the anterograde and retrograde transport of wheatgerm-agglutinated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) following its injection into HVI to reveal efferent and afferent connections. All of the cases showed strong anterograde transpo...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237024
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central conduction time is the time for an afferent volley to traverse the central pathways of a sensory system. In the present study, central auditory conduction time (CACT) was calculated for the rat, the first such formal measurement in any animal. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded simultan...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228892
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flexible and stable postural control requires adaptation to changing environmental conditions, a process which requires re-weighting of multisensory stimuli. Recent studies, as well as predictions from a computational model, have indicated a reciprocal re-weighting relationship between modalities when a sensory stimul...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3244-z
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fluorescent double-labeling technique has been used to determine whether the corticopontine and the corticotectal fibers in the cat are derived from two different sets of neurons or whether they are derived from branching neurons which distribute collaterals to the pontine grey and the colliculi. After unilateral ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00269447
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When two target elements are presented in close proximity, the endpoint of a saccade is generally positioned at an intermediate location ('global effect'). Here, we investigated whether the global effect also occurs for eye movements executed to distracting elements. To this end, we adapted the oculomotor capture para...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2602-6
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saccular and utricular organs are essential for postural stability and gaze control. Although saccular and utricular inputs are known to terminate on vestibular neurons, few previous studies have precisely elucidated the origin of these inputs. We investigated the saccular and utricular inputs to single vestibular neu...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002219900312
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delay eyeblink conditioning was examined in patients with genetically-defined heredoataxias and age-matched control subjects. 24 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6), type 3 (SCA3), and Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) participated. SCA6 affects primarily the cerebellum, whereas extracerebellar involvement is ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-2181-x
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents ILGM (the Infant Learning to Grasp Model), the first computational model of infant grasp learning that is constrained by the infant motor development literature. By grasp learning we mean learning how to make motor plans in response to sensory stimuli such that open-loop execution of the plan leads...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-1914-1
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optokinetic circular vection (CV) was investigated in 12 subjects using an optokinetic pattern rotating at 15 degrees /s, 30 degrees /s, or 60 degrees /s, and four viewing conditions: FOL, subjects attentively followed details of pattern; STA, subjects stared at the pattern; SUP, subjects suppressed their optokinetic ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1104-y
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent and strength of long-distance coupling between locomotor networks in the rostral and caudal spinal cord of larval lamprey were examined with in vitro brain/spinal cord preparations, in which spinal locomotor activity was initiated by chemical microstimulation in the brain, as well as with computer modeling....
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050719
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three patients with cerebellar limb ataxia and three age-matched controls performed arm-pointing movements towards a visual stimulus during an experimental procedure using a double-step paradigm in a three-dimensional space. Four types of trajectories were defined: P1, single-step pointing movement towards the visual ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050361
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our objective was to determine if caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG) expiratory (E) neurons that drive abdominal expiratory motoneurons in the lumbar cord respond to intercostal and lumbar nerve afferent stimulation. Results showed that 92% of medullary E-neurons that were antidromically activated from the upper l...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230702
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Auditory dysfunction, including hypersensitivity and tinnitus, is a common symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prenatal exposure to the antiseizure medication valproic acid (VPA) significantly increases the risk of ASD in humans and similar exposure is utilized as an animal model of ASD in rodents. Animals expo...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05982-w
更新日期：2020-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Automatic attentional capture by a salient distractor can be prevented by spatial attentional control settings (ACSs) (e.g., Yantis and Jonides in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 16:121-134, 1990). Earlier, converging evidence for a spatial ACS (Eason et al. 1969) was found in event-related potentials (ERPs). In the...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3279-1
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a tri-axial model of spatial orientation applicable to static 1g and non-1g environments. The model attempts to capture the mechanics of otolith organ transduction of static linear forces and the perceptual computations performed on these sensor signals to yield subjective orientation of the vertical...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0387-9
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two distinct areas of cerebellar cortex, vermal lobule VII and the dorsal paraflocculus (DPFl) receive visual input. To help understand the visuomotor functions of these two regions, we compared their afferent and efferent connections using the tracers wheatgerm agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and biotinil...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0661-x
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perceived motion may be a stimulus for anticipatory slow eye movements. To test this possibility, the production of anticipatory slow eye movements in humans was studied using apparent motion stimuli. Short range apparent motion was produced with random dot stimuli and the anticipatory slow eye movements were isolated...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00247357
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Discharges of muscle spindle afferents from the soleus muscle were studied in kittens aged 1-21 days and in adult cats. Vibration applied longitudinally to the tendon elicited one impulse for each cycle of vibration over the range 1-200 Hz for the kittens and up to 450 Hz for the adult. Threshold amplitudes were gener...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00406620
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In four monkeys with long-standing partial ablation of the striate cortex pellets of horseradish peroxidase were placed in either the striate cortex immediately adjacent to the ablation, or in the extrastriate cortex of the ventral prelunate gyrus, i.e. in visual area V4. We examined the dorsal lateral geniculate nucl...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00249914
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
