Abstract：
BACKGROUND:It was not until 1919 that the diuretic properties of mercury were observed in patients with syphilis; in the same year the beneficial effects of mercurial diuretics were shown in a patient with severe rheumatic heart disease and anasarca. However, mercury had been used much earlier for the treatment of dropsy without clear guidelines. In this article we describe William Stokes' insights into the treatment of heart failure, focusing on the beneficial diuretic properties of mercury. METHODS:We reviewed the chapter "Treatment of the Weak and Probably Dilated Heart in Connexion With Enlargement of the Liver and Pulmonary Disease" in William Stokes' famous treatise The Diseases of the Heart and the Aorta. CONCLUSIONS:Stokes makes several important clinical observations. First, he provides precise guidelines on when and how to use mercury in these patients. Second, he realizes the importance of mercury for the treatment of decompensated heart failure. Stokes recognizes the cyclical nature of frequent decompensation in congestive heart failure, the relationship of clinical deterioration and reduced urine output, and the importance of reestablishing urinary flow to ameliorate dyspnea. Third, he attempts to define the mechanism of action "... if any of the characteristic action of mercury can be perceived unless we include diuresis." Finally, he gives interesting guidelines on the dosage and side effects of mercury. These observations on the treatment of "congestive" heart failure are an important contribution to the understanding of heart failure pathophysiology and the design of prescription regimens for this disease.
journal_name
J Card Failjournal_title
Journal of cardiac failureauthors
Ventura HO,Mehra MR,Young JBdoi
10.1054/jcaf.2001.26564keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-09-01 00:00:00pages
277-82issue
3eissn
1071-9164issn
1532-8414pii
S1071-9164(01)28406-1journal_volume
7pub_type
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.11.008
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abstract：BACKGROUND:Exercise training is included in cardiac rehabilitation programs to enhance physical capacity and cardiovascular function. Among the existing rehabilitation programs, exercises in water are increasingly prescribed. However, it has been questioned whether exercises in water are safe and relevant in patients w...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients having heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF: 40% ≤ EF < 50%) are increasingly being considered a new subset of the population with heart failure. Despite recent advances in heart-failure treatment strategies, the prognosis of these patients has not improved substantially over time. ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of immediate-release (IR) metoprolol and extended-release (XL) metoprolol on measures of heart rate variability in chronic systolic heart failure patients. METHODS AND RESULTS:Thirteen metoprolol-treated heart failure patients were randomized to a 2-way c...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.12.002
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide elaborated by many cell types. Plasma ET-1 levels are significantly augmented in patients and experimental animals with heart failure. Enhanced levels of ET-1 may contribute to myocardial depression and alterations in sympathetic nerve activity in the s...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1071-9164(00)00012-9
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.11.005
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2003.11.003
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may precipitate up to a third of acute heart failure (AHF) cases. We assessed the characteristics, initial management, and survival of AHF patients with (ACS-AHF) and without (nACS-AHF) concomitant ACS. METHODS AND RESULTS:Data from 620 AHF patients were analyzed in a prospect...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.07.008
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relative effectiveness of carvedilol and metoprolol succinate has never been compared in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS:From January 1998 to December 2008, 3,716 consecutive patients with ejection fraction (EF) ≤40%, initiated and maintained on carvedilol or metoprolol succinate, were...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.10.016
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sustained left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony can lead to heart failure (HF) in the absence of coronary artery stenosis. We tested whether myocardial hibernation underlies the LV functional impairment caused by high-frequency pacing, an established model of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RES...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
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更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased serum leptin concentration has been linked to increased ventilation in patients with mild heart failure (HF). However, in animal models the absence of leptin has also been associated with increased ventilation. This study evaluated the relationship of circulating leptin concentration with exercise ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.10.004
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.02.012
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.09.001
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF) randomized in the Americas as part of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial, treatment with spironolactone enhanced the risk of hyperkalemia but reduced the risk of hypoka...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.03.002
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to determine whether participation in a quality improvement (QI) collaborative for heart failure (HF) was associated with better interpersonal aspects of care and health outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS:We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey of patients in 6 organizatio...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.03.010
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exercise training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in animals. This study was designed to determine whether forearm exercise training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in control subjects and patients with heart failure, a disease associated with abnormal endothelium-dependent vasodilati...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1071-9164(98)80006-7
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) induces structural and electrical remodeling (ER) in heart failure (HF) patients. Our aim was to assess time course of ER of native conduction and mechanical remodeling after CRT and impact of CRT-induced ER on clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS:We prospectively in...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.10.014
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patient activation influences patients' ability to meaningfully engage in critical heart failure self-care. The purpose of this study was to identify whether patient activation is associated with patient-reported health outcomes in an urban and racially diverse inpatient sample of patients with heart failure...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.08.452
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
