The Smads.

Abstract:

SUMMARY:The large transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily of secreted proteins regulate the growth, development and differentiation of cells in diverse organisms, including nematode worms, flies, mice and humans. Signals are initiated upon binding of TGFbeta superfamily members to cell-surface serine/threonine kinase receptors and are then propagated by the intracellular mediators known as Smads. Activation of Smads results in their translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, where they activate or repress transcription together with transcription factors so as to regulate target gene expression. Most Smads consist of two conserved domains. Mad homology (MH) domains I and 2, which are separated by a non-conserved linker region. These domains lack enzymatic activity and, instead, Smads mediate their effects through protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Targeted disruption of Smad genes in mice has revealed their importance in embryonic development, and a tumor-suppressor role for Smads in human cancers has been described. Smads therefore play an essential role in mediating TGFbeta-superfamily signals in development and disease.

journal_name

Genome Biol

journal_title

Genome biology

authors

Attisano L,Lee-Hoeflich ST

doi

10.1186/gb-2001-2-8-reviews3010

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2001-01-01 00:00:00

pages

REVIEWS3010

issue

8

eissn

1474-7596

issn

1474-760X

journal_volume

2

pub_type

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