Abstract:
:An early warning system using a rapid enzymatic semiautomated method suitable for fecal coliform detection in recreational waters within 8 h was developed further and evaluated in this study. This rapid method was compared to the standard method followed in the United Kingdom. We used 1,011 samples originating from 206 different locations in Wales. When we assessed the presence or absence of fecal coliforms, targeting very low levels of contamination, we obtained 83.9% agreement between the rapid method and the lauryl sulfate broth-membrane filtration technique, whereas direct confirmation of the samples processed by the rapid method showed 89. 3% agreement. Environmental enzymatic background activity was found to be the main limiting factor for this method. Owing to a specific and integrated handling of the results by the software of the instrument, the percentage of false-positive results (a consequence of enzymatic background) was successfully limited to 2.9% by the direct confirmation evaluation. However, 7.8% false-negative results due to "late-growers" had to be accepted in order to produce results within a working day. At present, the method can be used in a more conservative way to assess the environmental threshold of 100 CFU of fecal coliforms per 100 ml in recreational waters. The implications of our findings with regard to the applicability of rapid enzymatic methods are discussed.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Anglès d'Auriac MB,Roberts H,Shaw T,Sirevåg R,Hermansen LF,Berg JDdoi
10.1128/aem.66.10.4401-4407.2000keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-10-01 00:00:00pages
4401-7issue
10eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Ergosterol is a membrane component specific to fungi that can be used to estimate fungal biomass using appropriate factors of conversion. Our objectives were to determine the limits of use of ergosterol content as a measure of biomass for aquatic hyphomycetes, and to evaluate a previously established ergosterol-to-bio...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.5.2051-2055.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of different organic substrates on the abilities of anaerobic sediment enrichments to reductively dechlorinate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied. Sediments collected from a site previously contaminated with PCBs were dosed with additional PCBs (Aroclor 1242; approximately 300 ppm [300 mug/g], s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.9.2612-2617.1990
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed changes in bacterioplankton morphology and composition during enhanced protozoan grazing by image analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Enclosure experiments were conducted in a small, fishless freshwater pond which was dominated by the cla...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.3.1241-1250.1999
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments were carried out to examine the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in the course of fabrication and storage of smoked salmon. In three trials, raw salmon fillets were surface inoculated with L. monocytogenes, marinated, smoked at 26 to 30 degrees C, and stored at 4 or 10 degrees C for up to 30 days. At dif...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.5.1523-1527.1991
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eubacterium lentum is a gram-positive, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, asaccharolytic anaerobe. In the present investigations, 3 E. lentum strains (group E) isolated from rat feces were compared with 30 E. lentum strains (groups A, B, C, and D) previously studied by Macdonald et al. (I. A. Macdonald, J. F. Jellet, D. E. M...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.47.1.39-43.1984
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examination of Listeria monocytogenes prevalence among ready-to-eat foods in Japan revealed frequent (5.7 to 12.1%) contamination of minced tuna and fish roe products, and the isolates had the same virulence levels as clinical isolates in terms of invasion efficiency and infectivity in cell cultures and a murine infec...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01456-09
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A computer program was developed to identify anaerobic bacteria by using simultaneous pattern recognition via a Bayesian probabilistic model. The system is intended for use as a rapid, precise, and reproducible aid in the identification of unknown isolates. The program operates on a data base of 28 genera comprising 2...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.35.3.507-511.1978
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microscopic eukaryotes are known to have important ecosystem functions, but their diversity in most environments remains vastly unexplored. Here we analyzed an 18S rRNA gene library from a subsurface iron- and sulfur-oxidizing microbial community growing in highly acidic (pH < 0.9) runoff within the Richmond Mine at I...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02500-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kasugamycin (KSM), a unique aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been used in agriculture for many years to control not only rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea but also rice bacterial grain and seedling rot or rice bacterial brown stripe caused by Burkholderia glumae or Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, respe...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01155-12
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Techniques and media for the production and regeneration of stable Clostridium acetobutylicum protoplasts are described. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.3.719-721.1982
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter infections are the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in humans, and nearly 8% of such infections are caused by Campylobacter coli. Most studies have concentrated on Campylobacter jejuni, frequently isolated from intensively farmed poultry and livestock production units, and few studies have examin...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.2.822-830.2004
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The ability to sense and adapt to temperature fluctuation is critical to the aquatic survival, transmission, and infectivity of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera. Little information is available on the physiological changes that occur when V. cholerae experiences temperature shifts....
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00807-16
更新日期:2016-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::The noncanonical alcohol dehydrogenase AlkJ is encoded on the alkane-metabolizing alk operon of the mesophilic bacterium Pseudomonas putida GPo1. To gain insight into the enzymology of AlkJ, we have produced the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and purified it to homogeneity using His6 tag affinity and size exc...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.04297-13
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zoothamnium niveum is a giant, colonial marine ciliate from sulfide-rich habitats obligatorily covered with chemoautotrophic, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria which appear as coccoid rods and rods with a series of intermediate shapes. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.3.2014-2021.2006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we successfully cloned a d-cycloserine (d-CS) biosynthetic gene cluster consisting of 10 open reading frames (designated dcsA to dcsJ) from d-CS-producing Streptomyces lavendulae ATCC 11924. In this study, we put four d-CS biosynthetic genes (dcsC, dcsD, dcsE, and dcsG) in tandem under the control of the T...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02187-15
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytophthora ramorum is a recently described pathogen causing oak mortality (sudden oak death) in forests in coastal areas of California and southern Oregon and dieback and leaf blight in a range of tree, shrub, and herbaceous species in the United States and Europe. Due to the threat posed by this organism, stringent...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.6702-6710.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal multicopper oxidases have many potential industrial applications, since they perform reactions under mild conditions. We isolated a phenol oxidase from the fungus Acremonium murorum var. murorum that was capable of decolorizing plant chromophores (such as anthocyanins). This enzyme is of interest in laundry-cle...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.6.2610-2616.2001
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of long-term heavy metal deposition on microbial community structure and the level of bacterial community tolerance were studied along two different gradients in Scandinavian coniferous forest soils. One was near the Harjavalta smelter in Finland, and one was at Ronnskar in Sweden. Phospholipid fatty acid ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.2.420-428.1996
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have shown that certain opportunistic pathogenic species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can be present in distributed drinking water. However, detailed information about NTM population composition in drinking water is lacking. Therefore, NTM communities in unchlorinated drinking water from the distributi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01591-13
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are photoheterotrophic microbes that are found in a broad range of aquatic environments. Although potentially significant to the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of marine ecosystems, their abundance and genetic diversity and the environmental variables that regulate...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.06268-11
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have cloned the homoserine dehydrogenase genes (hom) from the gram-negative obligate methylotrophs Methylobacillus glycogenes ATCC 21276 and ATCC 21371 by complementation of an Escherichia coli homoserine dehydrogenase-deficient mutant. The 4.15-kb DNA fragment cloned from M. glycogenes ATCC 21371 also complemented...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.1.111-119.1994
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of silicic acid on the growth of Thermus thermophilus TMY, an extreme thermophile isolated from a siliceous deposit formed from geothermal water at a geothermal power plant in Japan, were examined at 75 degrees C. At concentrations higher than the solubility of amorphous silica (400 to 700 ppm SiO(2)), a s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02387-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A highly sensitive and specific PCR-based method of monitoring 16S rRNA genes of Pseudomonas stutzeri was developed for searching P. stutzeri DNA in environmental samples. This monitoring was combined with a reliable and sensitive method for isolating P. stutzeri colony formers from soil and sediment, depending on the...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.2.865-873.2002
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen for T-2 toxin in Fusarium sporotrichioides -infected corn. The assay detected T-2 toxin in diluted methanol extracts of corn samples at concentrations of 0.05 ng/ml. In infected corn samples, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas-liquid chromatogra...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.47.5.1161-1163.1984
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three cases of Mycobacterium avium complex-related lung disorders were associated with two poorly maintained spa pools by genotypic investigations. Inadequate disinfection of the two spas had reduced the load of environmental bacteria to less than 1 CFU/ml but allowed levels of M. avium complex of 4.3 x 10(4) and 4.5 ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.8.4906-4910.2004
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first report of filamentous actinobacteria isolated from surface-sterilized root tissues of healthy wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat roots from a range of sites across South Australia were used as the source material for the isolation of the endophytic actinobacteria. Roots were surface-sterilize...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.9.5603-5608.2003
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gene encoding a putative 150-amino-acid methylglyoxal synthase was identified in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. The enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Methylglyoxal synthase has a native molecular mass of 60 kDa and an optimum pH of 7.5. The Km and Vmax values for the substrate dihydrox...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.7.3244-3247.1999
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we present a new bioluminescent test system for the screening of chemical compounds with an inhibitory effect on protein synthesis. The test is based on the measurement of real-time in vivo light production by Escherichia coli strains expressing different luciferase genes. The eukaryotic lucGR gene fr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.8.2981-2989.1995
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two gram-positive, strictly anoxic, coccoid- to rod-shaped strains of bacteria, Clostridium coccoides 1410 and C. coccoides 3110, were isolated from human feces on the typical homoacetogenic substrates formate plus H2 plus CO2 (strain 1410) and vanillate plus H2 plus CO2 (strain 3110) in the presence of 2-bromoethanes...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.5.1732-1738.1997
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A dot blot hybridization procedure with 32P-labeled whole chromosomal DNA of the type strains as probes was developed as a rapid and simple method for identification of intestinal Bacteroides species. Bacterial cells were fixed onto membrane filters by slight suction, treated with 0.5 N NaOH, and hybridized with these...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.5.1158-1162.1988
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00