Abstract:
:Hiccup is defined as involuntary contractions of the diaphragm and the auxiliary respiratory muscles, mostly in irregular series, followed by glottic closure, thereby producing a typical "hiccupping" inspiration. This is a physiologic phenomenon, which already exists in utero. Hiccup is believed to be a gastrointestinal reflex; however, function and the reflex arch are hypothetical. Acute hiccup is distinguished from pathological, chronic hiccup, defined by a duration executing 48 h, or recurrent episodes. Among approximately 100 causes for hiccup, the most common are located in the gastrointestinal tract, with gastro-esophageal reflux as the most important. While the respiratory effect is generally negligible, alkalosis may ensue in tracheotomized patients due to hyperventilation. A stepwise management plan for patients with hiccup is presented. If simple physical maneuvers and causal therapy fail, or causal therapy is impossible, the treatment of choice is medical, with baclofen. Interruption of the reflex arch may be causal therapy or be considered as a last resort.
journal_name
HNOjournal_title
HNOauthors
Federspil PA,Zenk Jdoi
10.1007/s001060050527keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
867-75issue
10eissn
0017-6192issn
1433-0458pii
90470867.106journal_volume
47pub_type
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