[Hiccup].

Abstract:

:Hiccup is defined as involuntary contractions of the diaphragm and the auxiliary respiratory muscles, mostly in irregular series, followed by glottic closure, thereby producing a typical "hiccupping" inspiration. This is a physiologic phenomenon, which already exists in utero. Hiccup is believed to be a gastrointestinal reflex; however, function and the reflex arch are hypothetical. Acute hiccup is distinguished from pathological, chronic hiccup, defined by a duration executing 48 h, or recurrent episodes. Among approximately 100 causes for hiccup, the most common are located in the gastrointestinal tract, with gastro-esophageal reflux as the most important. While the respiratory effect is generally negligible, alkalosis may ensue in tracheotomized patients due to hyperventilation. A stepwise management plan for patients with hiccup is presented. If simple physical maneuvers and causal therapy fail, or causal therapy is impossible, the treatment of choice is medical, with baclofen. Interruption of the reflex arch may be causal therapy or be considered as a last resort.

journal_name

HNO

journal_title

HNO

authors

Federspil PA,Zenk J

doi

10.1007/s001060050527

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1999-10-01 00:00:00

pages

867-75

issue

10

eissn

0017-6192

issn

1433-0458

pii

90470867.106

journal_volume

47

pub_type

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