Abstract:
:Unless treated with effective antiretroviral therapy many AIDS patients develop a characteristic vacuolar myelopathy of the spinal cord associated with moderate clinical disability. Opinion is divided as to whether vacuolar myelopathy is causally linked to HIV myelitis. To investigate this further, spinal cord pathology was assessed in 41 drug users, 33 homosexual men and 16 other patients, all with AIDS. Previous work has shown that HIV encephalitis is more common in Edinburgh drug users than in homosexual men. In the present study HIV myelitis (10% overall) was more common in drug users (17%) than in homosexual men (3%) (P = 0.05), whereas the incidence of opportunistic infections (7% v. 9%) and lymphomas (2% v. 6%) was comparable in the two groups, but with a slight trend in the reverse direction, reflecting similar findings in the brain. However, moderate or severe vacuolar myelopathy was equally represented in both groups (20% of drug users and 21% of homosexual men). The HIV proviral load, assessed by polymerase chain reaction in frozen samples of thoracic spinal cord in 37 cases, correlated closely with the presence of giant cells and/or with immunocytochemical evidence of productive HIV infection. In 13 cases, the proviral load was measured in cervical, thoracic and lumbar samples and proved to be uniformly high or low in individual cases. This study provides no evidence for direct involvement of HIV, cytomegalovirus, papovavirus or human foamy virus in the pathogenesis of vacuolar myelopathy.
journal_name
Neuropathol Appl Neurobioljournal_title
Neuropathology and applied neurobiologyauthors
Shepherd EJ,Brettle RP,Liberski PP,Aguzzi A,Ironside JW,Simmonds P,Bell JEdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2990.1999.00152.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-02-01 00:00:00pages
2-10issue
1eissn
0305-1846issn
1365-2990journal_volume
25pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::Mitochondrial abnormalities, in particular the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, have been proposed as a potential cause of normal ageing. One group of patients with mtDNA disorders have a nuclear DNA defect which accelerates the chronological accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations. These patients prov...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2001.00315.x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The deposition of amyloid peptides (A beta) in the cortex and hippocampus is the primary trigger of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies also indicated that the M2 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2mAChR) may be a key molecule involved in cognitive dysfunction. Thus, the purpose of this study wa...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00932.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Previous neuroimaging reports described morphological and functional abnormalities in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in schizophrenia and mood disorders. In earlier neuropathological studies, microvascular changes that could affect brain perfusion in these disorders have rarely been studied. Here, we analysed mor...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01263.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor essential for the formation of new blood vessels during embryogenesis and in many pathological conditions. A new role for VEGF as a neurotrophic factor has recently emerged. In the developing nervous system, VEGF plays a pivotal role not only in vascula...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2004.00600.x
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Rodents exposed to 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) develop an axonopathy similar to that observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurones, in which neurofilaments accumulate in swollen proximal axon segments. This study addressed the hypotheses that this proximal axonopathy is associated with loss of neur...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01178.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has recently been implicated in several neurological disorders. Apart from its prominent role in angiogenesis, VEGF has been shown to have direct effects on neuronal and glial cells through activation of different VEGF receptor (VEGFR) types. In the present study the expressio...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2003.00543.x
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to dystrophin is the pathological basis for the diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD and BMD). While the sarcolemma of DMD muscle is negative, BMD muscle generally shows variable labelling because of the translation of a partially functional dystrophin that is ...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2004.00561.x
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstructive hydrocephalus was induced in 12-day-old rats by the infusion of kaolin into the cisterna magna. After 7 days, cortical and ependymal lesions were made with thin wire in non-hydrocephalic brains and in hydrocephalic brains. The wounds were allowed to heal for times ranging from 1 day to 10 days post-lesion,...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1992.tb00800.x
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between the degree of cortical prion protein (PrP) deposition, tissue vacuolation and astrocytosis were studied in the frontal cortex of 27 cases of human spongiform encephalopathy, encompassing 13 cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), four cases of familial CJD (fCJD) (one owing to E20...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2003.00486.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 19-year-old male intravenous drug abuser, was admitted to hospital with a one-week history of lower limb weakness and urinary retention. He was known to have been HIV-seropositive for 3 years and had been treated for cerebral toxoplasmosis. Neurological examination confirmed flaccid paraparesis with weak ankle jerks...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1991.tb00707.x
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Neurogenesis in adult humans occurs in at least two areas of the brain, the subventricular zone of the telencephalon and the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation. We studied dentate gyrus subgranular layer neurogenesis in patients subjected to tailored antero-mesial temporal resectio...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01102.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two HIV-positive male patients presented with a variety of symptoms including hemiparesis, unsteadiness, progressive loss of vision and poor memory. There were multiple non-enhancing lesions shown by CT scan in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. Specimens obtained by burr-hole biopsy showed the features of ...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1989.tb01242.x
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past few years, the traditional view of brain tumorigenesis has been revolutionized by advances in genomic medicine, molecular biology, stem cell biology and genetically engineered small-animal modelling. We now appreciate that paediatric brain tumours arise following specific genetic mutations in specialized...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01230.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein aggregation, mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are common to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Homeostasis is regulated by a balanced set of anabolic and catabolic responses, which govern removal and repair of damaged proteins and organelles. Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01062.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Plectin, a universally expressed multi-functional cytolinker protein, is crucial for intermediate filament networking, including crosstalk with actomyosin and microtubules. In addition to its involvement in a number of diseases affecting skin, skeletal muscle, heart, and other stress-exposed tissues, indications f...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nan.12635
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing techniques have been adapted and it has been possible to demonstrate acid phosphatase (APP) and myelin, lipid or astrocytic fibres in the same histological section. In normal controls APP was demonstrated in neurons, astrocytes, ependyma including choroid plexus epithelium and in pericytes, but not in oligode...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1979.tb00619.x
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by the widespread presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) in the brain. alpha-Synuclein, the main component of LBs, is expressed as two main isoforms (112 and 140), but little is known about their differential expression in the brain. We compared alpha-synuclein 112 and alpha-syn...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2004.00572.x
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The serotonin 2A receptor (HTR2A) is widely expressed in the brain and involved in the modulation of fear, mood, anxiety and other symptoms. HTR2A and HTR2A gene variations are implicated in depression, schizophrenia, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. To understand HTR2A signalling changes in psychiatric ...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nan.12167
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The purpose of this study was to determine the functional recovery and protein regulation by transplanted induced pluripotent stem cells in a rat model of Huntington's disease (HD). METHODS:In a quinolinic acid-induced rat model of striatal degeneration, induced pluripotent stem cells were transplanted into the i...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nan.12315
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Microglial cells have been originally identified as a target for the CXC chemokine, SDF-1, by their expression of CXCR4. More recently, it has been recognized that SDF-1 additionally binds to CXCR7, which depending on the cell type acts as either a nonclassical, a classical or a scavenger chemokine receptor. Here,...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nan.12015
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is characterized by the deposition of granular osmiophilic material in association with vascular smooth muscle cells in many different organs. However, the cause of the subsequent destruction of smooth muscle cells tha...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.1998.00087.x
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Granulovacuolar degeneration involves the accumulation of large, double membrane-bound bodies within certain neurones during the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other adult-onset dementias. Because of the two-layer membrane morphology, it has been proposed that the bodies are related to autophagic organelle...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01135.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Infection of the mouse central nervous system with wild type (WT) and vaccine strains of measles virus (MV) results in lack of clinical signs and limited antigen detection. It is considered that cell entry receptors for these viruses are not present on murine neural cells and infection is restricted at cell entry....
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2009.01023.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a protooncogene that is frequently observed with alterations in late stage gliomas, suggesting an important role of this gene in glial tumorigenesis and progression. In this study we evaluated an antisense EGFR approach as an alternative therapeutic modality for glioblast...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.1998.00128.x
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monolayer cultures of rat glial cells derived from 12 to 14 day fetal spinal cords and rat C6 glioma cells were examined for immunofluorescent reactivity with human or rabbit autoantibodies to intermediate filaments and with rabbit antibody to GFAP. The embryonic glial cells and C6 glima cells reacted identically with...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1980.tb00213.x
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anatomical arrangement of the pia mater suggests that it may act as a regulatory interface between cerebrospinal fluid and the surface of the brain and between arterioles within the brain and the surrounding neural tissue. However, the functional aspects of such a barrier are difficult to evaluate in vivo. In the ...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1991.tb00739.x
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Little is known about the immune response of the brain to invasive meningiomas. The present study was based upon the hypothesis that the microglial/macrophagic response towards brain-invasive meningiomas is dependent on the intactness of the pial-glial basement membrane. METHODS:We immunostained sections from 40 ...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.00960.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report deals with a comparative study on the expression of alpha B crystallin, ubiquitin, stress-response protein 27 (srp 27), srp 72 and phosphorylated neurofilament protein (pNFP) by ballooned neurons in Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), leptomeningeal carcino...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1992.tb00795.x
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:It is well known that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor for motoneurons. We have previously shown that it greatly enhanced motoneuron survival and axon regeneration after implantation of peripheral nerve graft following spinal root avulsion. AIMS:In the curre...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01253.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Although telomere length (TL) and telomere maintenance proteins (shelterins) are markers of cellular senescence and peripheral blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), little information is available on telomeric alterations during the prodromal stage (MCI) of AD. We investigated TL in the default mode networ...
journal_title:Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nan.12672
更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00