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Altered challenge response in whitefish subchronically exposed in areas polluted by bleached kraft mill effluents.

Abstract：

:Exposure to impaired water quality, as in bleached kraft mill effluents (BKMEs), has recently been demonstrated to impair the ability of fish to elicit an acute stress response. Acute stress caused by catching is, in most field studies, an unavoidable incident that may markedly affect physiological functions. Consistently, dissimilar stress responses to catching procedures in exposed and reference animals may lead to altered results. In this study, juvenile whitefish (Coregonus levaretus) were caged for 30 days in two reference areas and three areas affected by different BKMEs, and the immediate effects of low-level handling on physiological functions in four periods within an hour of the start of the disturbance were clarified. Both primary and secondary stress responses were evident and consistent in fish caged in the two reference areas. Instead, despite the strong cortisol response in fish caged in polluted areas, the secondary stress response was weak or altered with respect to all other measured parameters excluding blood glucose in two of the three polluted areas. Thus, exposed fish may, when compared with reference fish, give different results depending on the exact period from the onset of the catching disturbance to sampling, and therefore, the results may be masked or totally inverted. Because the impacts of acute stress on physiological parameters are immediate and, in exposed areas after low-level handling, dissimilar in nature, this study points to the necessity for time-dependent standardization in field studies whenever sampling is delayed.

journal_name

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

journal_title

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

authors

Lappivaara J,Oikari A

doi

10.1006/eesa.1998.1749

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1999-03-01 00:00:00

pages

212-22

issue

3

eissn

0147-6513

issn

1090-2414

pii

S0147-6513(98)91749-3

journal_volume

42

pub_type

杂志文章

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