Abstract：
:Spinal arachnoiditis, an inflammatory process involving all three meningeal layers as well as the nerve roots, is a cause of persistent symptoms in 6% to 16% of postoperative patients. Although spinal surgery is the most common antecedent associated with arachnoiditis, multiple causes have been reported, including infection, intrathecal steroids or anesthetic agents, trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage and ionic myelographic contrast material--both oil soluble and water soluble. In the past, oil-based intrathecal contrast agents (Pantopaque) were associated with arachnoiditis especially when this material was introduced into the thecal sac and mixed with blood. Arachnoiditis is apparently rarely idiopathic. The pathogenesis of spinal arachnoiditis is similar to the repair process of serous membranes, such as the peritoneum, with a negligible inflammatory cellular exudate and a prominent fibrinous exudate. Chronic adhesive arachnoiditis of the lower spine is a myelographic diagnosis. The myelographic findings of arachnoiditis were divided into two types by Jorgensen et al. In type 1, "the empty thecal sac" appearance, there is homogeneous filling of the thecal sac with either absence of or defects involving nerve root sleeve filling. In type 2 arachnoiditis, there are localized or diffuse filling defects within the contrast column. MRI has demonstrated a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100% in the diagnosis of arachnoiditis. The appearance of arachnoiditis on MRI can be assigned to three main groups. The MRI findings in group I are a conglomeration of adherent roots positioned centrally in the thecal sac. Patients in group II show roots peripherally adherent to the meninges--the so called empty sac. MRI findings in group III are a soft tissue mass within the subarachnoid space. It corresponds to the type 2 categorization defined by Jorgensen et al, where as the MRI imaging types I and II correspond to the myelographic type 1.
journal_name
Acta Med Portjournal_title
Acta medica portuguesaauthors
Ribeiro C,Reis FCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
59-65issue
1eissn
0870-399Xissn
1646-0758journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Whipple's Disease is a rare multisystemic disease caused by Gram-positive bacillus, Tropheryma whippelii, family of Actinobacterias and group of Actinomycetes. Because the disease is rare and has different forms of presentation the diagnosis comes frequently late. The authors present the case of a white man, 50 years ...
journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From January 1980 until October 1991 we operated 112 patients with Gastric cancer in which Surgery was considered palliative by intra-operative criteria or by pathological analysis of the resected specimen. Locally irresectable tumour was found in 24.1% of the cases, peritoneal metastases (mets.) in 21.4%, liver mets....
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.20344/amp.10195
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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journal_title：Acta medica portuguesa
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