High protein supplementation in pregnancy.

abstract：BACKGROUND:High intracranial pressure (ICP) is the most frequent cause of death and disability after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is usually treated with general maneuvers (normothermia, sedation, etc.) and a set of first-line therapeutic measures (moderate hypocapnia, mannitol, etc.). When these measures fa...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sahuquillo J,Dennis JA

更新日期：2019-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Children, like adults, are required to fast before general anaesthesia with the aim of reducing the volume and acidity of their stomach contents. It is thought that fasting reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents during surgery. Recent developments have encouraged a shift from th...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Brady M,Kinn S,O'Rourke K,Randhawa N,Stuart P

更新日期：2005-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:International guidelines advocate using daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the management of children and adults with persistent asthma. However, in real world clinical settings, these medicines are often used at irregular intervals by patients. Recent evidence suggests that the use of intermittent ICS, ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Chong J,Haran C,Chauhan BF,Asher I

更新日期：2015-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early accurate detection of all skin cancer types is essential to guide appropriate management and to improve morbidity and survival. Melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are high-risk skin cancers, which have the potential to metastasise and ultimately lead to death, whereas basal cell carcinoma (BCC)...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ferrante di Ruffano L,Dinnes J,Deeks JJ,Chuchu N,Bayliss SE,Davenport C,Takwoingi Y,Godfrey K,O'Sullivan C,Matin RN,Tehrani H,Williams HC,Cochrane Skin Cancer Diagnostic Test Accuracy Group.

更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Disease-related malnutrition has been reported in 10% to 55% of people in hospital and the community. Dietary advice encouraging the use of energy- and nutrient-rich foods rather than oral nutritional supplements has been suggested as the initial approach for managing disease-related malnutrition. OBJECTIVE...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Baldwin C,Weekes CE

更新日期：2011-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Research on the clinical application of oral naltrexone agrees on several things. From a pharmacological perspective, naltrexone works. From an applied perspective, however, the medication compliance and the retention rates are very poor. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects of naltrexone maintenance treatmen...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Minozzi S,Amato L,Vecchi S,Davoli M,Kirchmayer U,Verster A

更新日期：2011-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Heated, humidified air has long been used by sufferers of the common cold. The theoretical basis is that steam may help congested mucus drain better and heat may destroy the cold virus as it does in vitro. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of inhaling heated water vapour (steam) in the treatment of the commo...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Singh M,Singh M

更新日期：2011-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Critical appraisal is the process of assessing and interpreting evidence by systematically considering its validity, results and relevance to an individual's work. Within the last decade critical appraisal has been added as a topic to many medical school and UK Royal College curricula, and several continuing...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Horsley T,Hyde C,Santesso N,Parkes J,Milne R,Stewart R

更新日期：2011-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It is well documented that malnutrition is a common complication of paediatric malignancy and its treatment. Malnutrition can often be a consequence of cancer itself or a result of chemotherapy. Nutritional support aims to reverse malnutrition seen at diagnosis, prevent malnutrition associated with treatment...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ward EJ,Henry LM,Friend AJ,Wilkins S,Phillips RS

更新日期：2015-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dental implants are available in different materials, shapes and with different surface characteristics. In particular, numerous implant surface modifications have been developed for enhancing clinical performance. OBJECTIVES:To test the null hypothesis of no difference in clinical performance between vario...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Esposito M,Murray-Curtis L,Grusovin MG,Coulthard P,Worthington HV

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Escalating awareness of the magnitude of the challenge posed by low levels of physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) highlights the need for interventions to increase physical activity participation. The widely-accepted benefits of physical activity, coupled with the in...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Burge AT,Cox NS,Abramson MJ,Holland AE

更新日期：2020-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Peanut allergy is one of the most common forms of food allergy encountered in clinical practice.  In most cases, it does not spontaneously resolve; furthermore, it is frequently implicated in acute life-threatening reactions. The current management of peanut allergy centres on meticulous avoidance of peanuts...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nurmatov U,Venderbosch I,Devereux G,Simons FE,Sheikh A

更新日期：2012-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Infants born preterm (before 37 weeks' gestation) have poorer outcomes than infants at term, particularly if born before 32 weeks. Early cord clamping has been standard practice over many years, and enables quick transfer of the infant to neonatal care. Delayed clamping allows blood flow between the placenta...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rabe H,Gyte GM,Díaz-Rossello JL,Duley L

更新日期：2019-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tardive dyskinesia is a disabling movement disorder associated with the prolonged use of neuroleptic medication. This review, one in a series examining the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, will cover miscellaneous treatments not covered elsewhere. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether the following interventions ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Soares-Weiser KV,Joy C

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common and may cause hearing loss with associated developmental delay. Treatment remains controversial. OBJECTIVES:To examine evidence for or against treating children with hearing loss associated with OME with systemic or topical intranasal steroids. SEARCH STRATEGY:We ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Thomas CL,Simpson S,Butler CC,van der Voort JH

更新日期：2006-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute haematoma of the pinna is a condition where a collection of blood forms beneath the perichondrial layer of the pinna. It is usually caused by blunt trauma, and if untreated will ultimately result in a deformity commonly known as 'cauliflower ear' or 'wrestler's ear'. Various treatments are employed to ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Jones SE,Mahendran S

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Etoricoxib is a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor prescribed for the relief of chronic pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and acute pain. The drug is believed to be associated with fewer upper gastrointestinal adverse effects than conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Clarke R,Derry S,Moore RA,McQuay HJ

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It is standard clinical practice to combine chemotherapy and chest radiotherapy in treating patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer. However, the best way to integrate both modalities is unclear. OBJECTIVES:To establish the most effective way of combining chest radiotherapy with chemotherapy for ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pijls-Johannesma MC,De Ruysscher D,Lambin P,Rutten I,Vansteenkiste JF

更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fluid excess may place patients undergoing surgery at risk for various complications. Hypertonic saline (HS) maintains intravascular volume with less intravenous fluid than isotonic salt (IS) solutions, but may increase serum sodium. OBJECTIVES:To determine the benefits and harms of HS versus IS solutions a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： McAlister V,Burns KE,Znajda T,Church B

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hallux valgus is classified as an abnormal deviation of the great toe (hallux) towards the midline of the foot. OBJECTIVES:To identify and evaluate the evidence from randomised trials of interventions used to correct hallux valgus. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group tri...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ferrari J,Higgins JP,Prior TD

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy is a peripheral neuropathy caused by peripheral nerve inflammation probably due to autoimmunity and would be expected to benefit from corticosteroids. Non-randomised studies suggest that corticosteroids are often beneficial. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate th...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Mehndiratta MM,Hughes RA

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Weight gain is often considered a side effect of combination hormonal contraceptives, and many women and clinicians believe that an association exists. Concern about weight gain can limit the use of this highly effective method of contraception by deterring the initiation of its use and causing early discont...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gallo MF,Lopez LM,Grimes DA,Carayon F,Schulz KF,Helmerhorst FM

更新日期：2014-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The pain of mammography is recognised as a significant deterrent for women considering this examination, and may affect participation in breast screening. OBJECTIVES:To review interventions to reduce or relieve the pain and discomfort of screening mammography. SEARCH STRATEGY:For this update, the Cochrane ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Miller D,Livingstone V,Herbison P

更新日期：2008-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence, medical alternatives for surgery have been sought. Most recently, pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle, to accomplish reversibly what occurs in surgery, have been used to obtain fissure healing...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nelson R

更新日期：2006-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Women with a septate uterus are at increased risk for subfertility, recurrent miscarriage, and preterm birth. Restoration of the anatomy of the uterus by hysteroscopic septum resection is an established intervention. This treatment has been assessed mainly in retrospective cohort studies, which suggested a p...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rikken JF,Kowalik CR,Emanuel MH,Mol BW,Van der Veen F,van Wely M,Goddijn M

更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Helmets reduce bicycle-related head injuries, particularly in single vehicle crashes and those where the head strikes the ground. We aimed to identify non-legislative interventions for promoting helmet use among children, so future interventions can be designed on a firm evidence base. OBJECTIVES:To assess ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Owen R,Kendrick D,Mulvaney C,Coleman T,Royal S

更新日期：2011-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Heterotopic bone formation (HBF) in the soft tissues surrounding the hip joint is a frequent complication of hip surgery. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administered in the immediate perioperative period reduce the risk of HBF. However, the magnitude of the effect on HBF, and the effects on o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Fransen M,Neal B

更新日期：2013-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Strongyloidiasis is a gut infection with Strongyloides stercoralis which is common world wide. Chronic infection usually causes a skin rash, vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation, and respiratory problems, and it can be fatal in people with immune deficiency. It may be treated with ivermectin or albendazole or...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Henriquez-Camacho C,Gotuzzo E,Echevarria J,White AC Jr,Terashima A,Samalvides F,Pérez-Molina JA,Plana MN

更新日期：2016-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Allergies and food reactions are common and may be associated with foods including adapted cow's milk formula. Formulas containing hydrolysed proteins have been used to treat infants with allergy or food intolerance. However, it is unclear whether hydrolysed formula can be advocated for prevention of allergy...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Osborn DA,Sinn J

更新日期：2006-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Heel lance has been the conventional method of blood sampling in neonates for screening tests. Neonates undergoing this procedure experience pain. Despite various studies evaluating the role of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to date, there are no effective and practical methods to alle...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Shah V,Ohlsson A

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00