Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Tardive dyskinesia is a disabling movement disorder associated with the prolonged use of neuroleptic medication. This review, one in a series examining the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, will cover miscellaneous treatments not covered elsewhere. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether the following interventions were associated with a reduction of neuroleptic induced tardive dyskinesia: botulin toxin, endorphin, essential fatty acid, EX11582A, ganglioside, insulin, lithium, naloxone, oestrogen, periactin, phenylalanine, piracetam, stepholidine, tryptophan, neurosurgery, or ECT. SEARCH STRATEGY:The initial search of Biological Abstracts (1982-1995), The Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register (January 1996), EMBASE (1980-1995), LILACS (1982-1996), MEDLINE (1966-1995) and PsycLIT (1974-1995) was updated by searching Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register in July 2002. References of all relevant studies were searched for further trial citations. Principal authors of trials were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA:Studies were selected if they focused on people with schizophrenia or other chronic mental illnesses, with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia and compared the use of the interventions listed above versus placebo or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Studies were reliably selected, quality assessed and data extracted. Data were excluded where more than 50% of participants in any group were lost to follow up. For binary outcomes a random effects risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Where possible, the weighted number needed to treat/harm statistic (NNT/H), and its 95% confidence interval (CI), was also calculated. For continuous outcomes, endpoint data were preferred to change data. Non-skewed data from valid scales were to have been synthesised using a weighted mean difference (WMD). MAIN RESULTS:Fifty-seven references describing 37 different trials were identified by the search strategy. Seven of these were included, 27 excluded, and three await assessment. Ceruletide was not clearly more effective than placebo (n=132, 2 RCTs, RR not any improvement in tardive dyskinesia 0.82 CI 0.6 to 1.1). This also applied to gamma-linolenic acid, although data were sparse (n=16, 1 RCT, RR no clinical improvement 1.00 CI 0.7 to 1.5), oestrogen (n=12, 1 RCT, RR no clinically important improvement 1.2 CI 0.8 to 1.7), and lithium (n=11, 1 RCT, RR no clinically important improvement 1.39 CI 0.6 to 3.1). Phenylalanine may even be detrimental (n=18, 1 RCT, MD AIMS score 4.40 CI 1.16 to 7.64). One small study (n=20) found that insulin was more likely to produce a clinical improvement in tardive dyskinesia than placebo (RR no clinical improvement 0.5 CI 0.3 to 0.9, NNT 2 CI 1 to 5). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:There is no strong evidence to support the everyday use of any of the agents included in this review. All results must be considered inconclusive and these compounds probably should only be used within the context of a well-designed evaluative study.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Soares-Weiser KV,Joy Cdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD000208keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
CD000208issue
2issn
1469-493Xpub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a complex procedure of life support used in severe but potentially reversible respiratory failure in term infants. Although the number of babies eligible for ECMO is small and the use of ECMO invasive and potentially expensive, its benefits may be high. ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001340.pub2
更新日期:2008-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of sleep problems in adulthood increases with age. While not all sleep changes are pathological in later life, severe disturbances may lead to depression, cognitive impairments, deterioration of quality of life, significant stresses for carers and increased healthcare costs. The most common tr...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003161
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The measurement of severity and control of asthma in both children and adults can be based on subjective or objective measures. It has been advocated that fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) can be used to monitor airway inflammation as it correlates with some markers of asthma. Interventions for asthma t...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006340.pub3
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breastfeeding is important, however not all infants can feed at the breast and methods of expressing milk need evaluation. OBJECTIVES:To assess acceptability, effectiveness, safety, effect on milk composition, contamination and costs of methods of milk expression. SEARCH METHODS:We searched the Cochrane Pr...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006170.pub5
更新日期:2016-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Telephone services can provide information and support for smokers. Counselling may be provided proactively or offered reactively to callers to smoking cessation helplines. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of telephone support to help smokers quit, including proactive or reactive counselling, or the provis...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002850.pub4
更新日期:2019-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The burden of asthma on patients and healthcare systems is substantial. Interventions have been developed to overcome difficulties in asthma management. These include chronic disease management programmes, which are more than simple patient education, encompassing a set of coherent interventions that centre ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007988.pub2
更新日期:2015-05-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with an approximate prevalence of 1 in 3500 live births. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a lung disease caused by aspergillus-induced hypersensitivity with a prevalence of 2% to 15% in people with cystic fibrosis. The mainstay of treat...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010288.pub2
更新日期:2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traditionally inhaled treatment for asthma has used separate preventer and reliever therapies. The combination of formoterol and budesonide in one inhaler has made possible a single inhaler for both prevention and relief of symptoms (single inhaler therapy or SiT). OBJECTIVES:To assess the efficacy and safe...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007313.pub3
更新日期:2013-04-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate inhaled shortly before exercise appear to reduce the severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. There is some debate over which drug may be more effective. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to compare the effects on post-exercise lung function betwe...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002731
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Heatwaves are hot weather events, which breach regional or national thresholds, that last for several days. They are likely to occur with increasing frequency in some parts of the world. The potential consequences were illustrated in Europe in August 2003 when there were an estimated 30,000 excess deaths due...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009888.pub2
更新日期:2012-07-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein play an important role in the development of atheromas and, therefore, in cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol biosynthesis follows a circadian rhythm and is principally produced at night (between 12:00 am and 6:00 am). The adjustment of hypoli...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009462.pub2
更新日期:2016-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Establishment of a secure airway is a critical part of neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room and the neonatal unit. Videolaryngoscopy has the potential to facilitate successful endotracheal intubation and decrease adverse consequences of delay in airway stabilization. Videolaryngoscopy may enhance visu...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009975.pub3
更新日期:2018-06-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Social phobia (SP), or social anxiety disorder, is a prevalent and disabling disorder. There is growing evidence that SP is mediated by specific neurobiological factors, and increased interest in the use of medication in its treatment. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of pharmacotherapy for Social Phobia, a...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001206.pub2
更新日期:2004-10-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prostaglandins have been used for induction of labour since the 1960s. Initial work focused on prostaglandin F2a as prostaglandin E2 was considered unsuitable for a number of reasons. With the development of alternative routes of administration, comparisons were made between various formulations of vaginal p...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003101
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pressure ulcers, localised injuries to the skin or underlying tissue, or both, occur when people cannot reposition themselves to relieve pressure on bony prominences. These wounds are difficult to heal, painful, expensive to manage and have a negative impact on quality of life. Prevention strategies include ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009362.pub3
更新日期:2018-12-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 'Feverfew for preventing migraine' (2004, Issue 1). Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) extract is a herbal remedy, which has been used for preventing attacks of migraine. OBJECTIVES:To systematically ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002286.pub3
更新日期:2015-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low-back pain (LBP) is a common reason for consulting a general practitioner, and advice on daily activities is an important part of the primary care management of low-back pain. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of advice to rest in bed for patients with acute LBP or sciatica. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched t...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001254.pub3
更新日期:2010-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One way of attempting to improve fetal growth has been nutrient supplementation for the mother when fetal growth is impaired. Different nutrients such as carbohydrates and amino acids have been suggested as treatments for impaired fetal growth. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effec...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000148
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The benefits and risks of antibiotics for acute bronchitis remain unclear despite it being one of the most common illnesses seen in primary care. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of antibiotics in improving outcomes and assess adverse effects of antibiotic therapy for patients with a clinical diagnosis of a...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000245.pub3
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute splenic sequestration crises are a complication of sickle cell disease, with high mortality rates and frequent recurrence in survivors of first attacks. Splenectomy and blood transfusion, with their consequences, are the mainstay of long-term management used in different parts of the world. This is a 2...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003425.pub4
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anti-cholinergic agents and beta2-agonist drugs are both bronchodilators used to reverse acute bronchospasm in children with asthma. These drugs have different modes of action, so may have complementary or additive effects. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of adding inhaled ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000060
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tetanus is a severe infection that can be prevented by vaccination. In developing countries vaccination coverage is not always high and in developed countries cases may still occur, particularly in elderly people owing to their reduced immunoprotection. It has been estimated that there are about one million ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006665.pub2
更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Researchers have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from oily fish (long-chain omega-3 (LCn3), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), as well as from plants (alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)) benefit cardiovascular health. Guidelines recommend increasing omega-3-rich...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003177.pub4
更新日期:2018-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy and safety of adjuvant pramipexole therapy versus inactive placebo in patients with Parkinson's disease, already established on levodopa. SEARCH STRATEGY:Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Handsearching of the neurology literature as p...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002261
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Both paracetamol and ibuprofen are commonly used analgesics for the relief of pain following the surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth (third molars). In 2010, a novel analgesic (marketed as Nuromol) containing both paracetamol and ibuprofen in the same tablet was launched in the United Kingdom, this drug h...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004624.pub2
更新日期:2013-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently, with stroke burden increasing, there is a need to explore therapeutic options that ameliorate the acute insult. There is substantial evidence of a neuroprotective effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in experimental stroke, leading to a better functional outcome. OBJEC...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012815.pub2
更新日期:2019-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has been developed as a neuroprotective strategy to prevent and treat ischaemic stroke. It usually involves restricting blood flow to limbs and then releasing the ischaemic blood to promote a neuroprotective effect. Preclinical studies have suggested that RIC may have bene...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012503.pub2
更新日期:2018-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A key component of many asthma management guidelines is the recommendation for patient education and regular medical review. A number of controlled trials have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of asthma education programmes. These programmes improve patient knowledge, but their impact on health ou...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001005
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Knee osteoarthritis is a leading cause of chronic pain, disability, and decreased quality of life. Despite the long-standing use of intra-articular corticosteroids, there is an ongoing debate about their benefits and safety. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2005. OBJECTIVES:To deter...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005328.pub3
更新日期:2015-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous systematic reviews have not shown clear benefit of glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis, but their use remains considerable. Recent large trials add substantially to current evidence and suggest novel glucocorticoid-including treatment approaches. OBJECTIVES:To review the efficacy and safe...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004878.pub3
更新日期:2010-10-06 00:00:00