Abstract:
:Autism is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder with a polygenetic predisposition that seems to be triggered by multiple environmental factors during embryonic and/or early postnatal life. While significant advances have been made in identifying the neuronal structures and cells affected, a unifying theory that could explain the manifold autistic symptoms has still not emerged. Based on recent synaptic, cellular, molecular, microcircuit, and behavioral results obtained with the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism, we propose here a unifying hypothesis where the core pathology of the autistic brain is hyper-reactivity and hyper-plasticity of local neuronal circuits. Such excessive neuronal processing in circumscribed circuits is suggested to lead to hyper-perception, hyper-attention, and hyper-memory, which may lie at the heart of most autistic symptoms. In this view, the autistic spectrum are disorders of hyper-functionality, which turns debilitating, as opposed to disorders of hypo-functionality, as is often assumed. We discuss how excessive neuronal processing may render the world painfully intense when the neocortex is affected and even aversive when the amygdala is affected, leading to social and environmental withdrawal. Excessive neuronal learning is also hypothesized to rapidly lock down the individual into a small repertoire of secure behavioral routines that are obsessively repeated. We further discuss the key autistic neuropathologies and several of the main theories of autism and re-interpret them in the light of the hypothesized Intense World Syndrome.
journal_name
Front Neuroscijournal_title
Frontiers in neuroscienceauthors
Markram H,Rinaldi T,Markram Kdoi
10.3389/neuro.01.1.1.006.2007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-10-15 00:00:00pages
77-96issue
1eissn
1662-4548issn
1662-453Xjournal_volume
1pub_type
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00042
更新日期:2017-02-06 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::The mechanisms that control the frequency and propagation velocity of colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) in mammals are poorly understood. Previous in vitro studies on whole mouse colon have shown that CMMCs occur frequently (~every 1-3 min) when the colon is devoid of all fecal content. Consequently, these stu...
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The central control of energy balance involves a highly regulated neuronal network within the hypothalamus and the dorsal vagal complex. In these structures, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are known to reduce meal size and to increase energy expenditure. In addition, leptin, a peripheral signal that relays inform...
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abstract:Background:Cochlear implants (CIs), which have been designed primarily to support spoken communication of persons with severe to profound hearing loss, are highly effective in supporting speech perception in quiet listening conditions. CI users as a group achieve significantly poorer perception and appraisal of music, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01229
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::This study was to explore the mechanisms underlying 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) induced brain edema by focusing on alteration of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in rat astrocytes induced by 2-chloroethanol (2-CE), an intermediate metabolite of 1,2-DCE in vivo. Protein and mRNA levels of MMP-2, and the phosphorylat...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been widely used to assess differences in decision-making under uncertainty. Recently, several studies have shown that healthy subjects do not meet the basic predictions of the task (i.e., prefer options with positive long-term outcome), hence questioning its basic assumptions. Since c...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Central sleep apnea is a sudden arrest of breathing during sleep caused by the central commands to the thoracoabdominal muscles. It is a widespread phenomenon in both healthy and diseased people, as well as in some animals. However, there is an ongoing debate whether it can be considered as a pathological deviation of...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
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doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00882
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01415
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doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00018
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
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doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00584
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
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doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00424
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00523
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