Functional genomics to explore cancer cell vulnerabilities.

Abstract:

:Our understanding of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common form of primary brain cancer, has been significantly advanced by recent efforts to characterize the cancer genome using unbiased high-throughput sequencing analyses. While these studies have documented hundreds of mutations, gene copy alterations, and chromosomal abnormalities, only a subset of these alterations are likely to impact tumor initiation or maintenance. Furthermore, genes that are not altered at the genomic level may play essential roles in tumor initiation and maintenance. Identification of these genes is critical for therapeutic development and investigative methodologies that afford insight into biological function. This requirement has largely been fulfilled with the emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) and high-throughput screening technology. In this article, the authors discuss the application of genome-wide, high-throughput RNAi-based genetic screening as a powerful tool for the rapid and cost-effective identification of genes essential for cancer proliferation and survival. They describe how these technologies have been used to identify genes that are themselves selectively lethal to cancer cells, or synthetically lethal with other oncogenic mutations. The article is intended to provide a platform for how RNAi libraries might contribute to uncovering glioma cell vulnerabilities and provide information that is highly complementary to the structural characterization of the glioblastoma genome. The authors emphasize that unbiased, systems-level structural and functional genetic approaches are complementary efforts that should facilitate the identification of genes involved in the pathogenesis of GBM and permit the identification of novel drug targets.

journal_name

Neurosurg Focus

journal_title

Neurosurgical focus

authors

Kahle KT,Kozono D,Ng K,Hsieh G,Zinn PO,Nitta M,Chen CC

doi

10.3171/2009.10.FOCUS09212

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-01-01 00:00:00

pages

E5

issue

1

issn

1092-0684

journal_volume

28

pub_type

杂志文章
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    abstract::OBJECTIVE The treatment of cervical spinal metastases represents a controversial issue regarding the type, extent, and invasiveness of interventions. In the lumbar and thoracic spine, kypho- and vertebroplasties have been established as minimally invasive procedures for patients with metastases to the vertebral bodies...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2017.5.FOCUS17175

    authors: Stangenberg M,Viezens L,Eicker SO,Mohme M,Mende KC,Dreimann M

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • Neuronavigation in minimally invasive spine surgery.

    abstract:OBJECT:Parallel advancements in image guidance technology and minimal access techniques continue to push the frontiers of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). While traditional intraoperative imaging remains widely used, newer platforms, such as 3D-fluoroscopy, cone-beam CT, and intraoperative CT/MRI, have enabled ...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

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    doi:10.3171/2013.5.FOCUS13150

    authors: Moses ZB,Mayer RR,Strickland BA,Kretzer RM,Wolinsky JP,Gokaslan ZL,Baaj AA

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00

  • Ultrasonographic guidance for spinal extracranial radiosurgery: technique and application for metastatic spinal lesions.

    abstract:OBJECT:The relatively stationary anatomy of the intracranial compartment has allowed the development of stereotactic radiosurgery as an effective treatment option for many intracranial lesions. Difficulty in accurately tracking extracranial targets has limited its development in the treatment of these lesions. The abil...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/foc.2001.11.6.9

    authors: Ryken TC,Meeks SL,Traynelis V,Haller J,Bouchet LG,Bova FJ,Pennington EC,Buatti JM

    更新日期:2001-12-15 00:00:00

  • Delayed central nervous system superficial siderosis following brachial plexus avulsion injury. Report of three cases.

    abstract::Chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage may cause deposition of hemosiderin on the leptomeninges and subpial layers of the neuraxis, leading to superficial siderosis (SS). The symptoms and signs of SS are progressive and fatal. Exploration of potential sites responsible for intrathecal bleeding and subsequent hemosiderin depo...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/foc.2004.16.5.11

    authors: Cohen-Gadol AA,Krauss WE,Spinner RJ

    更新日期:2004-05-15 00:00:00

  • The role of radiosurgery for hemangiopericytomas.

    abstract:OBJECT:Hemangiopericytomas represent a small subset of meningeal tumors. Despite their relatively uncommon nature, they are aggressive tumors known for recurrence. Resection is the standard treatment in most, although regrowth and metastases are common even after resection. The authors evaluate the role of stereotactic...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/foc.2003.14.5.15

    authors: Chang SD,Sakamoto GT

    更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00

  • Evaluating the cognitive consequences of mild traumatic brain injury and concussion by using electrophysiology.

    abstract:OBJECT:Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), often referred to as concussion when it occurs in sports, produces persistent cognitive problems in at least 15% of patients. Unfortunately, conventional neuropsychological tests usually yield results within normal limits in this population. The main objective of this event-re...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2012.10.FOCUS12253

    authors: Gosselin N,Bottari C,Chen JK,Huntgeburth SC,De Beaumont L,Petrides M,Cheung B,Ptito A

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • An improved biomechanical testing protocol for evaluating spinal arthroplasty and motion preservation devices in a multilevel human cadaveric cervical model.

    abstract:OBJECT:An experimental study was performed to determine the biomechanical end-mounting configurations that replicate in vivo physiological motion of the cervical spine in a multiple-level human cadaveric model. The vertebral motion response for the modified testing protocol was compared to in vivo motion data and tradi...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: DiAngelo DJ,Foley KT

    更新日期:2004-09-15 00:00:00

  • Pathophysiology and genetic factors in moyamoya disease.

    abstract::Moyamoya disease is an uncommon cerebrovascular condition characterized by progressive stenosis of the bilateral internal carotid arteries with compensatory formation of an abnormal network of perforating blood vessels providing collateral circulation. The etiology and pathogenesis of moyamoya disease remain unclear. ...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/2009.1.FOCUS08302

    authors: Achrol AS,Guzman R,Lee M,Steinberg GK

    更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00

  • The medicolegal impact of misplaced pedicle and lateral mass screws on spine surgery in the United States.

    abstract::Spine surgery has been disproportionately impacted by medical liability and malpractice litigation, with the majority of claims and payouts related to procedural error. One common area for the potential avoidance of malpractice claims and subsequent payouts involves misplaced pedicle and/or lateral mass instrumentatio...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2020.8.FOCUS20600

    authors: Sankey EW,Mehta VA,Wang TY,Than TT,Goodwin CR,Karikari IO,Shaffrey CI,Abd-El-Barr MM,Than KD

    更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00

  • Perioperative results following lumbar discectomy: comparison of minimally invasive discectomy and standard microdiscectomy.

    abstract:OBJECT:Minimally invasive lumbar discectomy is a refinement of the standard open microsurgical discectomy technique. Proponents of the minimally invasive technique suggest that it improves patient outcome, shortens hospital stay, and decreases hospital costs. Despite these claims there is little support in the literatu...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/FOC/2008/25/8/E20

    authors: German JW,Adamo MA,Hoppenot RG,Blossom JH,Nagle HA

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Jugular foramen tumors: diagnosis and treatment.

    abstract:OBJECT:Jugular foramen tumors are rare skull base lesions that present diagnostic and complex management problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of patients with jugular foramen tumors who were surgically treated in the past 16 years, and to analyze the surgical technique, complications, and outcom...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/foc.2004.17.2.5

    authors: Ramina R,Maniglia JJ,Fernandes YB,Paschoal JR,Pfeilsticker LN,Neto MC,Borges G

    更新日期:2004-08-15 00:00:00

  • The increasing frequency of intravenous drug abuse-associated spinal epidural abscesses: a case series.

    abstract::OBJECTIVEFew studies have been published specifically examining intravenous drug abuse (IVDA)-associated spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs), an unfortunate sequela of the opioid crisis in the United States. Here, the authors examined a series of patients with IVDA-associated SEAs in order to shed light on this challengi...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2018.10.FOCUS18449

    authors: DiGiorgio AM,Stein R,Morrow KD,Robichaux JM,Crutcher CL,Tender GC

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • University of California, Los Angeles, surgical time-out process: evolution, challenges, and future perspective.

    abstract::Since the development of the WHO Safe Surgery Saves Lives initiative and Surgical Safety Checklist, numerous hospitals across the globe have adopted the use of a surgical checklist. The UCLA Health System developed its first extended Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008. Authors of the present paper describe how the time...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/2012.8.FOCUS12255

    authors: McLaughlin N,Winograd D,Chung HR,Van de Wiele B,Martin NA

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • Pretemporal trans-Meckel's cave transtentorial approach for large petroclival meningiomas.

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    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2018.1.FOCUS17733

    authors: Liao CH,Wang JT,Lin CF,Chen SC,Lin CJ,Hsu SPC,Chen MH

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • The axial transsacral approach to interbody fusion at L5-S1.

    abstract::Lumbosacral interbody fusion may be indicated to treat degenerative disc disease at L5-S1, instability or spondylolisthesis at that level, and severe neural foraminal stenosis resulting from loss of disc space height. In addition, L5-S1 interbody fusion may provide anterior support to a long posterior fusion construct...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/2014.2.FOCUS13467

    authors: Issack PS,Kotwal SY,Boachie-Adjei O

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of manually shaped and computer-shaped titanium mesh for repairing large frontotemporoparietal skull defects after traumatic brain injury.

    abstract:OBJECT:The object of this study was to compare the effects and complications of manual and computer-aided shaping of titanium meshes for repairing large frontotemporoparietal skull defects following traumatic brain injury. METHODS:From March 2005 to June 2011, 161 patients with frontotemporoparietal skull defects were...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS129

    authors: Luo J,Liu B,Xie Z,Ding S,Zhuang Z,Lin L,Guo Y,Chen H,Yu X

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in spine surgery: indications, efficacy, and role of the preoperative checklist.

    abstract::Spine surgery carries an inherent risk of damage to critical neural structures. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is frequently used to improve the safety of spine surgery by providing real-time assessment of neural structures at risk. Evidence-based guidelines for safe and efficacious use of IONM ar...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.3171/2012.9.FOCUS12235

    authors: Lall RR,Lall RR,Hauptman JS,Munoz C,Cybulski GR,Koski T,Ganju A,Fessler RG,Smith ZA

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • Positional plagiocephaly: an analysis of the literature on the effectiveness of current guidelines.

    abstract:OBJECT:Positional plagiocephaly (PP) has been on the rise in recent years. In this review, the authors' aim was to assess the effectiveness of current recommendations to parents on this exceedingly common problem through a comprehensive literature search. Additionally, the current treatment options and the most recent ...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.3171/2013.8.FOCUS13261

    authors: Shweikeh F,Nuño M,Danielpour M,Krieger MD,Drazin D

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Postoperative radicular neuroma. Case report.

    abstract::Lumbar discectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in neurosurgery clinics. Such a large number of procedures underscore not only the prevalence of conditions such as intervertebral disc herniation, but also the strong belief of surgeons that the operation does provide benefits to patients suffering fro...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/foc.2001.11.5.9

    authors: Erman T,Tuna M,Göçer AI,Idan F,Akgül E,Zorludemir S

    更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00

  • Spontaneous motor cortex encephalocele presenting with simple partial seizures and progressive hemiparesis. Case report and review of the literature.

    abstract::Several cases of congenital or acquired temporal encephaloceles have been reported in the literature as the causative mechanism of simple and/or complex partial seizures. In this report the authors describe a rare case of spontaneous parietal encephalocele presenting with simple partial seizures and progressively incr...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/foc.2005.19.3.11

    authors: Fountas KN,Smith JR,Jenkins PD,Murro AM

    更新日期:2005-09-15 00:00:00

  • Optimizing decellularization techniques to create a new nerve allograft: an in vitro study using rodent nerve segments.

    abstract::OBJECTIVE Commercially available processed nerve allografts have been shown to be inferior to autografts in previous animal studies. The authors hypothesized that combining different processing and storage techniques will result in improved nerve ultrastructure preservation, lower immunogenicity, and minimized cellula...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2017.1.FOCUS16462

    authors: Hundepool CA,Nijhuis TH,Kotsougiani D,Friedrich PF,Bishop AT,Shin AY

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • On the design of robotic hands for brain-machine interface.

    abstract::Brain-machine interface (BMI) is the latest solution to a lack of control for paralyzed or prosthetic limbs. In this paper the authors focus on the design of anatomical robotic hands that use BMI as a critical intervention in restorative neurosurgery and they justify the requirement for lower-level neuromusculoskeleta...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/foc.2006.20.5.4

    authors: Matsuoka Y,Afshar P,Oh M

    更新日期:2006-05-15 00:00:00

  • Facet joint changes after application of lumbar nonfusion dynamic stabilization.

    abstract::OBJECTIVE The long-term effects on adjacent-segment pathology after nonfusion dynamic stabilization is unclear, and, in particular, changes at the adjacent facet joints have not been reported in a clinical study. This study aims to compare changes in the adjacent facet joints after lumbar spinal surgery. METHODS Patie...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2015.10.FOCUS15456

    authors: Lee SE,Jahng TA,Kim HJ

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Spontaneous thrombosis of neonatal vein of Galen malformation.

    abstract::Vein of Galen malformations are rare congenital intracranial vascular malformations. Based on reports in the literature, spontaneous thrombosis or regression of these lesions is rare. Patients have variable outcomes from an asymptomatic course to death. The reasons behind spontaneous thrombosis are not entirely unders...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09162

    authors: Moftakhar P,Danielpour M,Maya M,Alexander MJ

    更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00

  • Nerve sheath tumor surgery: case-guided discussion of ambiguous findings, appropriateness of removal, repeated surgery, and nerve repairs.

    abstract::In this article the authors attempt to raise awareness of the pitfalls and controversial issues in nerve tumor surgery. In a case-guided format, examples of ambiguous findings, inappropriate tumor removal, repeated surgery, and nerve repairs are provided. The authors also discuss the need to establish a correct diagno...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/foc.2007.22.6.20

    authors: Kretschmer T,Antoniadis G,Heinen C,Börm W,Scheller C,Richter HP,Koenig RW

    更新日期:2007-06-15 00:00:00

  • Evaluating infusate parameters for direct drug delivery to the brainstem: a comparative study of convection-enhanced delivery versus osmotic pump delivery.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) and osmotic pump delivery both have been promoted as promising techniques to deliver drugs to pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs). Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to understand how infusate molecular weight (MW), duration of delivery, and mechanism...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2019.10.FOCUS19703

    authors: Rechberger JS,Power EA,Lu VM,Zhang L,Sarkaria JN,Daniels DJ

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Technical considerations in transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery at the thoracolumbar junction: report of 3 cases.

    abstract::OBJECTIVE In this study the authors describe the technical considerations and feasibility of transforaminal discectomy and foraminoplasty for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy in patients who have herniated discs at the thoracolumbar junction. METHODS After institutional review board approval, charts from 3 consec...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2015.10.FOCUS15372

    authors: Telfeian AE,Jasper GP,Oyelese AA,Gokaslan ZL

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • Surgical approaches for resection of vestibular schwannomas: translabyrinthine, retrosigmoid, and middle fossa approaches.

    abstract::Surgical removal remains one of the key treatment modalities for vestibular schwannomas. A team approach between a neurotologist and a neurosurgeon offers the patient the expertise of both specialties and maximizes the chances for an optimal outcome. Vestibular schwannomas can typically be resected through 1 of 3 main...

    journal_title:Neurosurgical focus

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3171/2012.6.FOCUS12190

    authors: Chamoun R,MacDonald J,Shelton C,Couldwell WT

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • Vulnerability of the L5 nerve root during anterior lumbar interbody fusion at L5-S1: case series and review of the literature.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Nerve root injuries associated with anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) are uncommonly reported in the literature. This case series and review aims to describe the etiology of L5 nerve root injury following ALIF at L5-S1. METHODS:The authors performed a single-center retrospective review of prospectively...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2020.6.FOCUS20315

    authors: Dowlati E,Alexander H,Voyadzis JM

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Surgical approaches to hypothalamic hamartomas.

    abstract:OBJECT:Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are devastating lesions causing refractory epilepsy, rage attacks, social ineptitude, and precocious puberty. Microsurgical and/or endoscopic resection offers an excellent risk/benefit profile for cure or improvement of epilepsy. METHODS:The authors reviewed a prospective database ...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3171/2010.11.FOCUS10250

    authors: Wait SD,Abla AA,Killory BD,Nakaji P,Rekate HL

    更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00