Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:A prospective evaluation of the effect of 2012 point-of-sale (PoS) display ban in supermarkets in England on perceived exposure to PoS displays, and on changes in susceptibility and smoking uptake among young people. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTINGS:Seven schools in Nottinghamshire, England. PARTICIPANTS:1035 11-16-year-old school children. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes in reported exposure to PoS displays before and after prohibition, and the association between exposure to and awareness of PoS displays and change in susceptibility to smoking and smoking status between 2011 and 2012 (before the ban) and 2012 and 2013 (after the ban). RESULTS:The proportion of children noticing tobacco PoS displays in supermarkets most or every time they visited a shop changed little between 2011 and 2012 (59.6% (95% CI 56.6% to 62.6%) and 58.8% (95% CI 55.8% to 61.8%), respectively); but decreased by about 13 percentage points to 45.7% (95% CI 42.7% to 48.7%) in 2013, after the ban. However, after adjusting for confounders, implementation of the first stage of the PoS ban in 2012 did not result in significant changes in the relation between susceptibility to smoking and smoking status and exposure to and awareness of PoS displays. CONCLUSIONS:Prohibition of PoS in large supermarkets resulted in a decline in the proportion of young people noticing PoS displays in large shops, but little or no change in smoking uptake or susceptibility. It remains to be seen whether extension of the PoS ban to all shops in 2015 has a more marked effect.
journal_name
BMJ Openjournal_title
BMJ openauthors
Bogdanovica I,McNeill A,Britton Jdoi
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012451subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-23 00:00:00pages
e012451issue
1issn
2044-6055pii
bmjopen-2016-012451journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究相关文献
BMJ Open文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Pembrolizumab was recently demonstrated to have survival benefit in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (r/mHNSCC). However, the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in China remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE:This analysis aimed to describe the cost-effe...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038867
更新日期:2020-12-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Childhood overweight/obesity is associated with later overweight/obesity. However, the association between birth weight and later overweight/obesity has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between both birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI), and adolescent ov...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015576
更新日期:2017-06-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to investigate the effect of alcohol intoxication on clinical presentation of hospitalised adult trauma patients at a Level I trauma centre using propensity score matching. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS:Detailed data of 929 hospitalised adult trauma pat...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013176
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the associations between consumption of sweetened products, daytime sleepiness (DS) and psychological distress (PD) in a Catholic Middle-Eastern Canadian community, and to test the hypothesis that the association between DS and consumption of sweetened products is mediated by PD. DESIGN:A cross-se...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002298
更新日期:2013-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Undertake a systematic scoping review to determine how a research evidence base, in the form of existing systematic reviews in the field of mobile health (mHealth), constitutes education and training for community health workers (CHWs) who use mobile technologies in everyday work. The review was informed by ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019827
更新日期:2018-07-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A central tenet of organised cancer screening is that all persons in a target population are invited. The aims of this study were to identify participant and physician factors associated with response to mailed physician-linked invitations (study 1) and to evaluate their effectiveness in an organised colorec...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004494
更新日期:2014-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to assess the knowledge of risk factors and warning symptoms and attitude towards gastric cancer screening among the general population in China. SETTING:Hunan province, China PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged older than 18 years were recruited using a cluster sampling method. DESIGN:A cross-...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029638
更新日期:2019-07-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if improvements in cognitive outcome detected at 18 months' corrected age (CA) in infants born <33 weeks' gestation receiving a high-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared with standard-DHA diet were sustained in early childhood. DESIGN:Follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Random...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007314
更新日期:2015-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Transgender women (TW) are highly burdened by HIV infection in the USA. Research is needed into drivers of the HIV epidemic for TW, including longitudinal studies to identify risks for incident HIV infection and optimal intervention targets. This formative research sought to understand TW's experiences with,...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029852
更新日期:2020-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine if point-of-care (POC) glycated haemoglobin (HbA₁c) is sufficiently accurate in real-world remote settings to predict or exclude the diagnosis of diabetes based on laboratory HbA1c measurements. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study comparing POC capillary HbA₁c results with corresponding venous HbA₁c l...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006277
更新日期:2015-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:People living with and beyond cancer are vulnerable to a number of physical, functional and psychological issues. Undertaking a holistic needs assessment (HNA) is one way to support a structured discussion of patients' needs within a clinical consultation. However, there is little evidence on how HNA impac...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006840
更新日期:2015-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To address the neglect of depression in multimorbidity measurement and the lack of focus on rural population in previous literature about China, this paper aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity (including depressive disorders) among the country's rural and urban population. METHODS:We used a cr...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038404
更新日期:2020-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aims to examine the impact of gender and expected gender roles on the career development of young female traditional Korean medicine (KM) doctors. DESIGN:We conducted semistructured interviews to examine the experiences of study subjects regarding early career choices, employment, job performance ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030390
更新日期:2019-08-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Parents, schools and the broader community influence children's socialisation to alcohol. In Australia, the UK and the USA, there have been media reports of adults consuming alcohol at family-focused school events such as fairs and graduations. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe school principa...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010904
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the feasibility of manual segmentation by users of different backgrounds in a previously developed multifeature computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system to classify melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin lesions based on conventional digital photographic images. METHODS:In total, 347 conventional...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007823
更新日期:2015-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Monitoring and reduction of aversive tension is a core issue in dialectical behaviour therapy of patients. It has been shown that aversive tension is increased in adult borderline personality disorder and is linked to low emotion labelling ability. However, until now there is no documented evidence that pa...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004703
更新日期:2014-04-23 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cardiovascular morbidity is a major burden in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we compare the effect of a targeted, intensified, multifactorial intervention with that of conventional treatment of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with early RA fulfi...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009134
更新日期:2016-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular comorbidity on mortality in a multiethnic primary care population. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Inner-city primary care trust in West Midlands, UK. PARTICIPANTS:Individuals aged 40 years and older, of South Asian, black o...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003458
更新日期:2013-12-03 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:'Take Home' Naloxone (THN) kits for use by peers in the event of an opioid overdose may reduce further overdose and deaths, but distribution through Drugs Services may not reach those at highest risk. Attendance by paramedics at emergency calls for patients who have suffered an overdose presents an opportu...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004712
更新日期:2014-03-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:It is unclear how newer methods of respiratory support for infants born extremely preterm (EP; 22-27 weeks gestation) have affected in-hospital sequelae. We aimed to determine changes in respiratory support, survival and morbidity in EP infants since the early 1990s. DESIGN:Prospective longitudinal cohort s...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037507
更新日期:2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Circulating prostaglandin E2 levels are elevated in acutely decompensated cirrhosis and have been shown to contribute to immune suppression. Albumin binds to and inactivates this immune-suppressive lipid mediator. Human albumin solution (HAS) could thus be repurposed as an immune-restorative drug in these ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023754
更新日期:2018-10-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Healthcare workers (HWs) are prone to high levels of stress and burnout, particularly when caring for people with HIV/AIDS. This study assessed whether participation in Botswana's Workplace Wellness Programme (WWP) for HWs was associated with job satisfaction, occupational stress, well-being and burnout. ME...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018492
更新日期:2018-03-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The current COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the measures taken to control it, have a profound impact on healthcare. This study was set up to gain insights into the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on the core competencies of general practice, as they are experienced by general practitioners (GPs) on the f...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039674
更新日期:2020-06-17 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether a polymorphism in the Fcγ receptor type IIIA (FCGR3A-F158V), influencing immunoglobulin G binding affinity, relates to the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. DESIGN:Observational cohort study. SETTING:Three university hospital rheumatology units in...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001524
更新日期:2012-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:For any orthopaedic surgeon working with trauma; ankle fractures are one of the most common injuries treated. The treatment of ankle fractures can be conservative, using external fixation, but more commonly the fractures are treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Residual pain and discomfort ar...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014560
更新日期:2017-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the health outcomes and economics associated with the current guidance relating to the prevention of falls in the elderly through vitamin D supplementation. SETTING:UK. PARTICIPANTS:UK population aged 60 years and above. INTERVENTIONS:A Markov health state transition model simulated patient tr...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007910
更新日期:2015-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Animal and in vitro studies suggest that viral acute respiratory infection (VARI) can predispose to pneumococcal infection. These findings suggest that the prevention of VARI can yield additional benefits for the control of pneumococcal disease (PD). In population-based studies, however, the evidence is not i...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019743
更新日期:2018-04-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To understand the experiences of parents of infants who required surgery early in life. To identify messages and training needs for the extended clinical teams caring for these families-including paediatric surgeons, neonatologists, nurses, obstetricians, midwives and sonographers. SETTING:UK-wide interview...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020921
更新日期:2018-06-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the seroprevalence of recent/acute and past exposure to rubella virus infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women. DESIGN:A hospital-based cross-sectional study. SETTING:The study was conducted in two public hospitals in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 422 ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016824
更新日期:2017-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Both environmental and genetic factors play important roles in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Studies about its associated factors and genetic contribution in African Americans (AA) are sparse. Our aim was to report the prevalence, associated factors and heritability estimates of MetS and its c...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008675
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00