Abstract:
PURPOSE:It has been argued, by many, that mathematical formulae for estimating sample size are unnecessarily complex, so much so that researchers may be reluctant to seek statistical advice. METHOD:This paper reviews methods of sample size estimation arguing that two formulae (one based on comparison of proportion of 'successes', the other based on comparison of means of normally distributed data) suffice for many situations. This paper argues the case by taking examples drawn mainly from clinical trials research. However, the methods outlined can also be used in epidemiology specifically in both case-control and cohort studies with no loss of information. RESULTS:For the situations outlined, worked examples are provided. CONCLUSIONS:Sample size estimation need not necessarily be a complex process. Simple techniques exist which enable the clinician and the statistician to work together. Continued dialogue between both parties is required so that good ideas do not go to waste.
journal_name
Disabil Rehabiljournal_title
Disability and rehabilitationauthors
Rigby AS,Vail Adoi
10.3109/09638289809166102subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
405-10issue
11eissn
0963-8288issn
1464-5165journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE:The best approach to delivering advanced gross motor skills interventions for children with cerebral palsy (CP) is unknown. This study's aim was to assess trial feasibility and compare effectiveness of sports skills movement training (Brain change after Fun, Athletic Sports skills Training [BeFAST]) to conventi...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1851779
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate whether 12 week inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has any impact on pulmonary function, maximum respiratory pressures and diaphragmatic mobility (DM) in morbidly obese subjects. METHOD:Thirty-one morbidly obese individuals were assessed. Volunteers were randomised into two groups. The IMT group ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.769635
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE/METHOD:The article discusses rehabilitation practices in Zimbabwe from both a local and international perspective. It considers the nature of formal and informal rehabilitation services in the country, and rehabilitation personnel training. RESULTS:Indigenous disability-related practices dominate the informal ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280010008889
更新日期:2001-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: Youths with disabilities have lower employment rates than youths without disabilities, which are often a result of inaccessible environments, employer's lack of knowledge about people with disabilities and discriminatory attitudes. Exploring youths' career aspirations is important because it can prompt or hin...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1671505
更新日期:2019-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to assess the clinical course of patients with acute low back pain (LBP) throughout 12 weeks and to identify the prognostic factors for non-recovery in the short term. METHOD:A total of 91 patients with acute LBP (<3 weeks) were included in this study. Baseline assessments including d...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280802355163
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To describe the occurrence of self-reported problems of accessibility to health services used by persons with disabilities in terms of social and health services variables. METHODS:We performed a cross-sectional household survey designed to assess problems with accessibility to health services faced by persons...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.541542
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose To investigate shoulder function, pain and Health-Related Quality of life (HRQoL) among adults with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-hypermobility type (JHS/EDS-HT), compared with the general population (controls). Method In a cross-sectional study using postal survey, 110 patients diagnosed...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1102336
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aims to determine functioning information, rehabilitation needs, and environmental barriers of persons with disabilities (PWDs) using a developed ICF-based questionnaire with community survey approach in Thailand. METHOD:A systematic review of the use of ICF and disability surveys from January 2000-...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.720351
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate discriminative validity, relative reliability and absolute reliability of four tablet-based tests for the evaluation of upper limb motor function in healthy persons and patients with neurological disorders. METHODS:Cross-sectional study in 54 participants: 29 patients with upper limb movement impai...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1800838
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants and correlates of return to productivity (RTP) defined here as return to paid employment and/or school four years following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD:Participants included 46 people with TBI, part of a prospective, cohort study, and 14 fr...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280600756687
更新日期:2007-02-28 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This paper describes the types of difficulties older people have with their home environments and the factors associated with having such difficulties. METHOD:Data were used from 296 study participants of the University at Buffalo's Consumer Assessments Study that examines the home modification needs and envir...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280110062167
更新日期:2001-11-20 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To perform a Rasch analysis (RA) of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs questionnaire (FABQ-I) in a sample of chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP) patients. The RA is expected to provide information about the internal construct validity and all the single items consistency of the FABQ-I and then contributing to the...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.909890
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to understand the views of falls service practitioners regarding: their role in supporting self-management of falls prevention; and a transition pathway from National Health Service (NHS) exercise-based falls interventions to community-run exercise programmes. METHOD:Semi-structured i...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1849423
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: To investigate the: (i) inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the toe tap test for people with stroke, (ii) the convergent validity of toe tap test counts with stroke-specific impairments, (iii) minimum detectable change in toe tap test counts, (iv) toe tap test cutoff counts which best discriminating...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1479454
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study social validity and perceived fairness of a new method for assessing general work ability in a sickness insurance context. Assessments are based on self-reports, combined with examinations by physicians, and, if needed, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and/or psychologists. MATERIALS AND METH...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1401675
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Upper limb amputations cause severe functional disability and lower the patient's self body image, with severe psychological implications. Many parameters are involved in the successful rehabilitation of upper limb amputations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are any parameters that might...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280410001645094
更新日期:2004-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Understanding the hierarchy of higher-level physical functions to infer disability level (mild, moderate or severe) is essential for the precise targeting of preventive interventions and has been examined previously in a cross-sectional study. Based on longitudinal data, this study evaluated the hierarchy of hi...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.641657
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In this paper we examine how the intersection of various social and political influences shapes discharge planning and rehabilitation practices in ways that may not meet the espoused aims of rehabilitation programs or the preferences of older adults and their families. METHODS:Taking a critical bioethics persp...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1193232
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to: (a) investigate whether, and if so which, sexual problems are present in people with a limb amputation; (b) analyze how they experience their sexuality; and (c) investigate whether sexuality was discussed with them during their rehabilitation process. METHOD:In total, 301 participants comp...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1044029
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: American Student Placements and Internships in Rehabilitation Engineering is founded on the principal of sparking the interest in a new generation of rehabilitation engineering scientists to transform the lives of older adults and people with disabilities. Each year a minimum of 10 students were enrolled.M...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1571639
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone mineral loss after stroke in affected extremities can increase the prevalence of fractures that interrupt the rehabilitation programme and lower the level of activity. In stroke rehabilitation, precise bone mineral measurement is needed in order to assess the risk of fractures. We defined five regions-of-interest...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638289709166045
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate how well visually impaired individuals can learn to use mobility scooters and which parts of the driving task deserve special attention. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A mobility scooter driving skill test was developed to compare driving skills (e.g. reverse driving, turning) between 48 visually impaire...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1295471
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: Medically underserved adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) remain at high risk of incurring medically serious pressure injuries even after receiving education in prevention techniques. The purpose of this research is to identify circumstances leading to medically serious pressure injury development in medical...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1552328
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Identify if physiotherapists document the assessment, promotion and prescription of physical activity to older adults attending out-patient rehabilitation and assist them in the transition to an active lifestyle. METHODS:An audit of physiotherapists' documentation in medical records of older adults who attende...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1805644
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to examine physical activity, nutritional intake, and psychological well-being differences between youth with visual impairments and their siblings residing in the same household. A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between physical activity behavior and p...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1666926
更新日期:2019-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: The purpose of this review was to synthesize the literature about spinal cord injury and employment, focusing on sample demographics, indicators of employment outcome, and the methods used. The review included literature from the previous decade; 2006-2017. Methods: A systematic quantitative literature review...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1467968
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study aimed at exploring the perceived benefits and drawbacks of practicing tai chi, an alternative therapy that can be implemented in the community, as part of upper-limb rehabilitation following stroke. METHODOLOGY:Semistructured interviews were carried out with participants with chronic stroke (>6...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1194900
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To identify facilitators and barriers frequently experienced by families of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and associated with being at the pre-intention, intention and action stages for physical activity. METHOD:Qualitative study involving in-depth focus group interviews with 33 ambulatory children and ado...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.748844
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper critically reviews medical approaches to the identification and treatment of disability. The medical model locates disability within individuals. By contrast, this paper argues that disability cannot be understood outside its social context. As such, some of the assumptions about normality and difference wh...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09638289709166831
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Post-stroke hemiparesis may manifest as asymmetric gait, poor balance, and inefficient movement patterns. We investigated improvements in lower-limb muscle activation and function during Wii-based Movement Therapy (WMT), a rehabilitation program specifically targeting upper-limb motor-function. METHODS:Electro...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1213892
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00