Antiretroviral therapy in the pregnant woman.

abstract：:Anorectal disorders cause significant discomfort and embarrassment in women. The onset typically follows childbirth and symptoms increase with age. This article discusses anal incontinence, defecatory dysfunction, rectal prolapse, and constipation. ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Toglia MR

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is approximately a 50% decrease in the fertility rate of unselected women attempting pregnancy at age 40 or older compared with younger women and a two to three fold increased rate of spontaneous abortion. Approximately 45% of older women achieve a term outcome, however. Proper counseling of the older patient sh...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Toner JP,Flood JT

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Periviable deliveries (less than 26 weeks) are a small percentage of deliveries but account for a disproportionately high number of long-term morbidities. Few studies describe interventions and outcomes for periviable preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The available reports may include only those neonates...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Gibson KS,Brackney K

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Canavan disease is a severe leukodystrophy more common among Ashkenazi Jews. The enzyme defect, apartoacylase, has been identified, and the gene cloned. Only two mutations account for over 98% of all Jewish alleles with Canavan disease. The carrier frequency among healthy Jews is 1:37-58. Carrier detection and prenata...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Matalon R,Matalon KM

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Puberty is the sequence of events that culminates in the ability to procreate. It is widely accepted that the onset of puberty in girls occurs on average at 8 years of age and that onset prior to 8 years of age is precocious puberty. As a result of the cross-sectional study by the American Association of Pediatrics, a...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Lalwani S,Reindollar RH,Davis AJ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus is an important sexually transmitted organism that causes not only disease in sexual partners but important perinatal illness as well. The obstetrician-gynecologist must be aware of the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of HBV infections, as well as strategies for treatment and prevention. Physici...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Pastorek JG 2nd

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It appears that both laparoscopic and laparotomy approaches to myomectomy are viable surgical procedures. Both surgeries can be performed with minimal risk. Pregnancy rates after either procedure are high. The advantage of laparotomy over laparoscopy is that it is technically easier. On the other hand, laparoscopy ena...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Miller CE

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaginal bleeding is the most common cause of emergency care in the first trimester of pregnancy and accounts for the majority of premenopausal bleeding cases. Ultrasound evaluation combined with a quantitative beta human chorionic gonadotropin test is an established diagnostic tool to assess these patients. Spontaneou...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Paspulati RM,Turgut AT,Bhatt S,Ergun E,Dogra VS

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several clinical advances in the field of assisted reproductive technology have improved the success rates of IVF. These advances include improvements in ovulation induction protocols, the introduction of recombinant gonadotropins, GnRH agonists, and, most recently, GnRH antagonists. ICSI has proved to be the most suc...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Thornton KL

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of Drug Treatment Court is relatively new and is an innovative response by local communities to deal with the escalation of criminal activity associated with substance abuse. The frequency of repeated offenses by drug users, the overcrowding of jail space, and a diminished sense of community well-being con...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Schwartz JR,Schwartz LP

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary tract abnormalities are fairly common in the perinatal period. Ultrasonography is an effective diagnostic tool for identifying fetal urinary tract anomalies and can be helpful in establishing prognosis and guiding treatment decisions. The sonographer is encouraged to characterize and localize the fetal urinary...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Stamilio DM,Morgan MA

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal uterine bleeding occurs secondary to a wide variety of functional and structural abnormalities. Although there is clearly a place for surgery, medical therapy has enormous potential for most women, especially those with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. To provide women with appropriate options for therapy, the...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Munro MG

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mobile apps and mobile health interventions have the potential to alter the landscape of medicine significantly, from how care is provided at the bedside to the ability to recruit patients and conduct medical research. Mobile apps have the potential to be used for prenatal care, postsurgical follow-ups, informing pati...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： DeNicola N,Marko K

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gonorrhea is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. This article discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of this important disease. ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： McNeeley SG Jr

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article details the indicators, techniques, and anticipated success rates of laser surgery for vulvar condylomas and neoplasias. The role of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and interferon is also discussed. ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Reid R

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hysteroscopy and hysterography approach the uterine cavity in different ways and each has advantages and limitations. Hysteroscopy is more accurate for the diagnosis of abnormalities that project into the uterine cavity such as polyps, submucous myomas, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Contrast...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Barbot J

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The contemporary legal and policy environment has increased the challenges associated with providing health care services to the adolescent population. The issue of reproductive health care services is particularly intense because of the controversial nature of services for contraception and abortion. As the debates c...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： English A

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrosurgery is used on a daily basis in the operating room, but it remains poorly understood by those using it. In addition, the physics of electrosurgery are far more complicated than those of laser. Common belief notwithstanding, electrosurgery has an enormous capacity for patient injury if used incorrectly, even...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Lipscomb GH,Givens VM

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is increasing at epidemic rates in all women, but especially in minority women and children. Factors that contribute to this include changes in caloric intake and expenditure (calories), cost and ease of acquiring food along with pressures from the marketplace and media (commerce) and the community response to...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Phelan ST

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management strategies for overweight and obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) who desire fertility should include weight loss. Even a small reduction in body weight can improve ovulatory function and pregnancy rate and reduce adverse obstetric outcomes. New data suggest that letrozole should be consider...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Ecklund LC,Usadi RS

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate has been shown to be effective and safe in appropriate patients. When considering medical management, the definitive diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy and the assurance that the patient is a candidate are of paramount concern. An understanding of the mechanism o...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Barnhart K,Esposito M,Coutifaris C

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A specific technique of advanced operative laparoscopy, known as videolaseroscopy, using the CO2 laser and videomonitor, is described. Operating room setup, anesthesia considerations, and specific applications to pelvic disease are elaborated. ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Nezhat CR,Nezhat FR,Silfen SL

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the advent of broad-spectrum antibiotics has markedly improved the maternal outcomes of pneumonia complicating pregnancy, pneumonia remains a significant condition that may complicate pregnancy. This article has reviewed the inherent physiologic respiratory changes that accompany pregnancy and the common caus...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Ramsey PS,Ramin KD

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its initial approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 20 years ago for the treatment of strabismus, hemifacial spasm, and blepharospasm in adults, botulinum toxin (BTX) has become one of the most frequently requested products in cosmetic rejuvenation around the world. After years of clinical success ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Carruthers J,Carruthers A

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the wide range of breast abnormalities that affect patients in the pediatric and adolescent populations, some conclusions can be drawn. Breast self-examination in the adolescent population is controversial but is recommended for girls who carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene beginning at age 18 to 21 years. All girls...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Templeman C,Hertweck SP

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crew resource management (CRM), adapted from aviation for the practice of medicine, offers the potential of reducing medical errors, increasing employee retention, and improving patient satisfaction. CRM, however, requires a culture that promotes teamwork and acceptance of new concepts. Leadership is needed to transfo...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Nielsen P,Mann S

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fecal incontinence (FI) has a significant social and economic impact on the patient and the community. In women, obstetric injury is commonly associated with the development of FI. Understanding FI is aided by a good knowledge of the pelvic floor anatomy and continence mechanisms. This same knowledge along with a good...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Hannaway CD,Hull TL

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Voiding dysfunction in women results from either a failure of the bladder to contract appropriately or a failure of the urethra or bladder neck to relax during attempts at micturition. Complaints of urinary frequency and urgency most often accompany voiding dysfunction. Associated symptoms, which are not always presen...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Bowen LW

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction are common forms of pelvic floor dysfunction affecting women. The complex interactions between the nervous system and lower urinary tract anatomy allow for the coordinated functions of urine storage and evacuation. A thorough understanding of these components and their inte...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Rahn DD,Roshanravan SM

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of having an in-house obstetrician (serving as an obstetrics [OB] hospitalist) available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week provides a safety net for OB events that many need immediate intervention for a successful outcome. A key precept of risk management, that of loss prevention, fits perfectly with the addit...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Veltman L

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00