Abstract:
:The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two types of restraining belts (lap belt and a four-point belt) on an instrumented dummy during three situations: wheelchair hitting straight into curb (SIC); wheelchair falling straight off a curb (SOC); wheelchair falling diagonally off a curb (DOC). A fully instrumented (50th percentile Hybrid III) dummy was seated in a standard wheelchair and restrained with one of the belts. The wheelchair rolled down a ramp reaching a platform at 2.4 miles per hour (comfortable walking speed). Three types of experiments were performed: SIC, SOC, DOC. Each experiment was repeated at least three times. Forces, moments, and acceleration were monitored and recorded via 48 sensors placed at the head, spine, and limbs. All experiments were videotaped and photographed. The data were averaged and compared with standards that have been previously established in car crash testing and with data recently obtained in a similar study using a nonrestrained dummy. Our results showed that in the SIC experiments, low magnitude forces, moments, and acceleration of no clinical significance were recorded with both types of belts. The wheelchair remained upright and the dummy safely seated. In the SOC experiments, the two belts prevented the dummy's ejection from the chair and, thus, have been effective in lowering the forces, moments, and acceleration and preventing significant injuries to the head and neck regions. In the DOC experiments, the lap belt proved to be somewhat more effective than the four-point belt in lowering the extension forces at the upper neck and the moments at the lower neck below injury levels. It also kept the head injury criteria well below injury level. We postulate that the four-point belt was less effective because of its more extensive body fixation, which leads to concentration of moments and forces at the head and lower neck regions. The results of this study show that restraining systems can enhance the safety of wheelchair occupants in certain incidents. It has been demonstrated that the lap belt is as effective as the four-point belt system in SIC and SOC incidents. In DOC falls, neither belt could prevent falls and trauma to the head and neck region. The lap belt, however, was somewhat superior. We recommend that wheelchairs be equipped with a lap belt and patients be encouraged to buckle-up while using the wheelchair outdoors.
journal_name
Am J Phys Med Rehabiljournal_title
American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationauthors
Fast A,Sosner J,Begeman P,Thomas M,Drukman Ddoi
10.1097/00002060-199709000-00004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-09-01 00:00:00pages
370-7issue
5eissn
0894-9115issn
1537-7385journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of bromocriptine on a variety of aspects of attention, ranging from laboratory-based impairment measures to caregiver ratings and work productivity, in individuals after traumatic brain injury. DESIGN:Twelve adults with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and attention complaint...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181619609
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this article is to provide researchers and clinicians with a basic understanding of randomized clinical trials and to discuss their potential application to and limitations in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation. A brief history of the development of randomized clinical trials, definitions...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00002060-199909000-00016
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Additional slips of the triceps brachii have been reported in cadaver studies. We report the case of a 48-year-old man with no history of trauma who presented with a tingling sensation and weakness in his right hand. Electromyography revealed ulnar neuropathy around the elbow, with decreased conduction proximal to the...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000507
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A is the most common hereditary neuropathy. Affected individuals have a distal motor deficit, initially affecting the lower limbs and impairing walking performance. Isokinetic dynamometry can be used to objectively assess muscle strength of patients with neuromuscular disorders. No st...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000001084
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual impairments are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and negatively affect quality of life. We describe a 39-year-old woman with a severe TBI who was evaluated by the inpatient optometry and vision rehabilitation service with findings of complete right homonymous hemianopia and right cranial nerve III pals...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000592
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This brief paper has reviewed a few of the basic concepts related to the understanding of leadership styles. The unavoidable nature of conflict in organizations has been described. One of the best ways a person can make conflict more manageable is to become increasingly aware of his or her own fundamental leadership s...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to assess physiatrists' knowledge of the cost of medications commonly prescribed at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation units across the spectrum of practice experience from residents to attending physicians. Investigators contacted 92 pharmacies across four major regions of the United Sta...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000001219
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of reciprocal concentric trunk flexion and extension peak torque values at different angular velocities using the Cybex NORM isokinetic dynamometer. DESIGN:Trunk flexor and extensor muscles of 15 healthy subjects were assessed at 60 degrees/sec and 90 de...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00002060-200202000-00001
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Foot deformities are one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in children with cerebral palsy (CP). These deformities affect the walking ability and function of the patients. Talar cartilage is the hyaline joint cartilage of the tibiotalar joint that plantarflexes and dorsiflexes of the ankle. The aim ...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000001499
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to test the effect of various unstable support surfaces on the relevance of muscular proprioceptive signals originating from the ankle joint. DESIGN:Ten healthy subjects were instructed to stand as still as possible on a force plate during 40 secs on three different surfaces: (1...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000137
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercised rats have larger myelinated nerve fibers than sedentary rats and exercised rats with acrylamide neuropathy have smaller fibers than acrylamide-treated sedentary rats. These nerve fiber changes were the result of work hypertrophy and overwork atrophy, respectively. This study was designed to reassess morpholo...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00002060-198904000-00004
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mission statements of academic medical centers call on them to accomplish many goals. This often leads to conflicting choices when selecting activities and establishing policies. When individual faculty members are expected to divide work time to meet research, teaching and clinical needs, careful planning and dis...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00002060-199302000-00013
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of downhill walking training on gait and thoracic kyphosis in patients with Parkinson's disease. DESIGN:Thirty-three patients with Parkinson's disease were randomized into an experimental group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 17). Subjects in the experime...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181e721c5
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the direct medical costs of clinically diagnosed patients with fibromyalgia with the medical costs of matched controls during a 4-yr period and to assess the impact of a fibromyalgia treatment program on healthcare utilization and associated medical costs. DESIGN:A retrospective comparison of econ...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181fc7ff3
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the impact of the Medicare inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) prospective payment system (PPS) on outcomes in a stroke rehabilitation program. DESIGN:An analysis was performed on a database including 945 stroke patients admitted to an inpatient stroke rehabilitation program 5 yrs before imple...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e31804a7e2f
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate health-related quality of life and disability in multiple-trauma patients requiring intensive care unit management. DESIGN:A total of 87 survivors of multiple trauma, with a median age of 31 yrs and a median Injury Severity Score of 22, were enrolled in the present study. The Nottingham Health Pr...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000107497.77487.c1
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 35-yr-old man sustained an anoxic brain injury resulting from cardiac arrest, with subsequent extreme lethargy and lack of response to stimuli. The patient's lethargy was unresponsive to trials of several medications in attempts to increase arousal. Administration of twice-daily zolpidem 8 mos after injury resulted ...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e318161971b
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical function and fall-related self-efficacy in older patients with a hip fracture who are undergoing an intensive rehabilitation program. DESIGN:We used a prospective cohort study over 12 mo to determine the effect of a specialized hip ...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00002060-200003000-00008
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Niebuhr and Marion (Am J Phys Med Rehab 1990;69:96-101) recently presented a study that utilized healthy subjects who were able to control the amount of force exerted during submaximal grip strength efforts. Stokes (J Occup Med 1983;25:683-684) proposed that a true weakness of grip can be distinguished in the injured ...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether individuals who have a spinal cord injury have neuromuscular and physiologic responses to a personalized exercise program during dynamic weight bearing (DWB). DESIGN:Four subjects with spinal cord injuries (T6, T5-6, C2-5, and C5) completed a 12-wk exercise program that included DWB. Sur...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e31805b764b
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population aging, caused by reductions in fertility and increasing longevity, varies by country and is anticipated to continue and to reach global proportions during the 21st century. Although the effects of population aging have been well documented for decades, the impact of aging on people with spinal cord injury (...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e31821f70bc
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To document the relationship between sleep disturbance and chronic low back pain in patients referred to a physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. DESIGN:This is a prospective cross-sectional survey of 268 patients 18 yrs or older being evaluated for low back pain of greater than 6 months at a tertiary ...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000214259.06380.79
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aims of this study were to systematically identify and summarize the literature examining the impact of physiologic and psychologic triggers on spasticity and discuss the evidence supporting various types of triggers. DESIGN:PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched using specific keyword...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e31827d68a4
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the hypothesis that the multiple-site injection technique is associated with better outcomes than the single-point injection method in children with cerebral palsy and spastic equinus gait. DESIGN:A total of 17 children (nine boys, eight girls ages 1.8-9.4 yrs; eight hemiplegics, eight diplegi...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e31816ddaa9
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if standardized testing results and other factors correlate with success on the 2001 American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation part 1 board certification examination (POE). DESIGN:An anonymous two-part survey was distributed to 302 senior resident physicians in the American College ...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PHM.0000083688.23340.EA
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concerns about drug-resistant infectious organisms are increasing in rehabilitation facilities. Resulting isolation protocols can potentially challenge the patients' access to medical care, psychological adaptation, mobility, and environmental interaction and therefore hinder the rehabilitation process. We report a sy...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c9d847
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during inpatient stroke rehabilitation to examine the associations between changes in the two measures. DESIGN:Two independently collected databases were combined for a retrospective analysis. One contained the objectively ass...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000240666.24142.f7
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess and monitor the peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor muscles in flexion and extension and the reports of musculoskeletal complaints in members of the main Brazilian Paralympic athletics team through 1 yr. DESIGN:Fourteen healthy athletes from both sexes were assesse...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000244
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To define and propose clinically useful quantitative measurements of hip hiking and circumduction using standard three-dimensional motion analysis techniques. DESIGN:We studied pelvic, hip, and thigh motions in 23 subjects with hemiparetic, stiff-legged gait as a result of stroke and compared these motions w...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00002060-200005000-00006
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effect of a 1.5-day multidisciplinary fibromyalgia treatment program on impact of illness, depression, and life fulfillment. DESIGN:A sample of 100 consecutive enrollees in a 1.5-day multidisciplinary group outpatient fibromyalgia treatment program between...
journal_title:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PHM.0000046625.72055.35
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00