Abstract:
:ADHD is a syndrome that can be treated effectively, safely, and economically with stimulant medications. There is no equal alternative to these agents in short-term treatment of ADHD symptoms. However, many families seek alternatives to stimulants and other drug treatments for a variety of reasons. Alternative approaches reflect the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder by being equally manifold, complex, and often obscure in their modus operandi. Scientific evidence suggests that individualized dietary management may be effective in some children. Trace element supplementation also may be beneficial when specific deficiencies are present. At this point, nootropics, herbs, and homeopathy are being seriously researched regarding their role in neurologic functioning, but evidence to support their role in the specific treatment of ADHD is inconsistent or lacking. Self-regulatory techniques such as hypnotherapy and biofeedback do not alter the core symptoms of ADHD but may be helpful in controlling secondary symptoms. These methods are unique in ADHD treatment because children can become active agents of their own coping strategies. There is no scientific evidence to support the validity of vision therapy, oculovestibular treatment, or sound training (Tomatis method) as treatment modalities for ADHD. However, auditory stimulation with individualized music may help to improve situational performance in cognitive tasks. Regardless of the treatment approach, the diagnosis of ADHD and other comorbidities first must be established through a standard medical evaluation. The standard treatment options always should be presented and discussed carefully. If alternative approaches are sought, the merits of available options should be reiterated. If the primary care provider is not comfortable or knowledgeable about an acceptable method, referral to capable and responsible practitioners in the community who are experienced in these areas should be considered. The primary care provider, the alternative "specialist," and the family all should be willing to engage in "collaborative research," applying the same standards for treatment evaluation that one would apply in mainstream methods. Communication among all parties involved in a treatment strategy is the key to demystifying alternative approaches, creating strong therapeutic relationships, and optimizing management.
journal_name
Pediatr Clin North Amjournal_title
Pediatric clinics of North Americaauthors
Baumgaertel Adoi
10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70167-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
977-92issue
5eissn
0031-3955issn
1557-8240pii
S0031-3955(05)70167-Xjournal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In summary, wheezing is a common manifestation of viral respiratory tract disease in infancy. The precise pathogenetic mechanisms of virus-induced wheezing and its sequelae are not clear, although recent reports about participation of the cellular and humoral immune systems are promising. Although therapies like those...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36545-2
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human autoinflammatory diseases (except for the periodic fever, adenopathy, pharyngitis, aphthae syndrom) are a heterogeneous group of genetically determined diseases characterized by seemingly unprovoked inflammation, in the absence of autoimmune or infective causes. Tremendous advances in the understanding of these ...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2005.01.005
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author enumerates the objectives of nutritional instruction and therapy for the child with diabetes mellitus and examines some of the principles upon which this therapy is based. Also discussed are the methods used to formulate meal plans, stressing the fact that instruction and counseling in nutritional principle...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34623-5
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are many conditions that produce chronic arthritis in childhood, including JRA. The pitfalls associated with proper diagnosis involve underrecognition, misrecognition, and overrecognition of symptoms and signs. ...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36106-5
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A growing body of research suggests that infant feeding practices influence the risk for several chronic diseases of childhood and adolescence. Increased risks for type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, some childhood cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease have been associated with artificial infant feeding and short-term ...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70289-3
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increase in single-parent families, step-families, maternal employment, and young children in substitute care are among several important changes in the American family in recent decades. Although it is not clear that these changes necessarily lead to negative outcomes in children, it is apparent that a variety of...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36584-1
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteosarcoma is the most common neoplasm of bone in children and adolescents. The first effective therapy became available in the early 1970s, and although controversy existed for several years regarding the relative value of aggressive multiagent chemotherapy, presently about 60% of patients with resectable primary t...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38080-4
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal arteriography remains the only study to identify and define correctly both location and extent of renal artery stenosis. Because other studies do not adequately identify all children who have renal artery disease, it is reasonable to perform renal arteriography in those children with severe hypertension who do n...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38485-1
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews some of the challenges and pitfalls in communicating with families when abuse is part of the differential diagnosis and offers some suggestions for improving communication with parents and children in these challenging clinical settings. ...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2014.06.008
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::CAD results from atherosclerosis, a chronic disease process that has its origin in childhood. Children and adolescents can be at higher risk for CAD by virtue of being from families with premature CAD or familial dyslipoproteinemias. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels result from a number of complex metabolic pro...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)37021-3
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Premature and critically ill term infants are often discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with ongoing medical problems, including respiratory problems; growth, nutrition and feeding problems; and neurologic injury. At discharge, they may also be dependent on technology such as supplemental oxygen, t...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2018.12.014
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The more common and more glaring pitfalls in developmental diagnosis encountered during infancy and early childhood have been outlined. Much of the ability to avoid these traps depends on a comfortable understanding of the four spheres of early child development and a sound familiarity with the principles of developme...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38228-1
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varicella zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are all members of the Herpesviridae family.Humans are the only source of infection for these double stranded DNA viruses. Infants may acquire these infections in utero, peripartum, or postnatally, resulting in a variety of clinical syn...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2004.03.005
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern assessment of the tonsils and adenoids is based on an appreciation of new concepts pertaining to the pathogenesis of tonsil and adenoid disease. Recognition of the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing and encapsulated anaerobic bacteria in the tonsils and adenoids should lead to a reconsideration of present th...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36806-7
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD) present unique difficulties when they develop respiratory failure, either as a consequence of their heart disease, in relation to cardiac surgery, or from infectious causes. Extensive cardiac surgical repairs are now being performed on younger infants with compl...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38768-5
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major advances have been made in the treatment of children with Wilms' tumor. Remaining areas of investigation include the role of adriamycin and the treatment of children with stage III and IV disease and the role of whole lung radiation therapy in the treatment of children with pulmonary metastases. Long-term follow...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38088-9
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although breastfeeding is well accepted as the optimal method of infant feeding, the US failed to reach the goals set for the year 2000. Support from employers, health insurers, health providers, and society are required to reach the goals set forth in Healthy People 2010-75% of mothers initiate breastfeeding, 50% of ...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70298-4
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal surgery has reached a high degree of sophistication. We are now entering a new era of widespread screening of the unborn by means of ultrasound, with planned intrauterine, intrapartum, and immediate postpartum interventions. Many pediatric surgical centers are now focusing their investigative efforts on eluci...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70031-6
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rheumatic diseases of childhood are a relatively common and extraordinarily diverse group of illnesses; nevertheless, they are at least distantly related by similarities of immunodysregulation. These pathophysiologic relationships are reflected in affected children in similarities of historical, physical, and labo...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38808-3
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Premature and unexpected death, especially in children, is tragic and very unacceptable. Effective treatments for sudden death of pediatric patients continue to emerge. Modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation function began with the widespread introduction of closed-chest cardiac massage in 1960; however, despite 35 year...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38867-8
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infant mortality and morbidity disparities occur between non-Indigenous and Indigenous populations of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Neonatal mortality is due to high-risk births, which vary according to prevalence of the maternal risk factors of smoking, alcohol consumption, infection, and dis...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2009.09.009
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noncompliance with therapy is widespread in children, with potentially important implications in clinical practice and the research setting. Compliance with therapy is a critical element in the success of therapy, that is, for an efficacious medication to be effective, it must be taken. Demonstration of patterns of dr...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70459-4
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes developments in pain assessment in critically ill neonates and infants during the last 5 to 6 years. Pain assessment instruments show a redundancy of items and a lack of profound psychometric background. Although most research focuses primarily on acute pain, in clinical practice there is also t...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.07.012
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overweight and obesity epidemic among children and adolescents in the United States continues to worsen, with notable racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities. Risk factors for pediatric obesity include genetics; environmental and neighborhood factors; increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fas...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2015.05.013
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article focuses on the current status of in utero catheter interventions for congenital heart disease. The discussion of fetal interventions for cardiac defects briefly reviews the evolution of approaches to congenital heart disease and issues surrounding the prenatal detection of cardiac defects, the rationale f...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2004.08.005
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article outlines a few of the hematologic problems that are particular to developing countries, particularly those of the tropics. Because of globalization and the increasing movement of populations, hematologists in wealthier countries must be aware of the general patterns of hematologic change in the important ...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(02)00087-1
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitiligo is a disease of pigment loss. Most investigators currently consider vitiligo to be a disorder that occurs as a result of autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, supported by identification of antimelanocyte antibodies in many patients, and the presence of comorbid autoimmune disease in patients with and family...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2013.11.008
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiologic studies are a vital component in the workup and diagnosis of disease. An appropriate radiographic study will accurately rule in or rule out disease with the least possible harm. Special considerations are necessary for the imaging of children. Current trends in pediatric imaging support the increased use of...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2013.06.004
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects 2% to 3% of young children and presents with a wide range of IgE and non-IgE-mediated clinical syndromes, which have a significant economic and lifestyle effect. It is logical that a review of CMA would be linked to a review of soy allergy because soy formula is often an alternative so...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.02.005
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Racial bias is pervasive throughout society and can impact children and adolescents in the health care, education, and criminal justice systems. This article provides a state-of-the-science review of implicit bias in health care. It also reviews the evidence of how bias impacts children in other aspects of society, ex...
journal_title:Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2019.12.011
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00