Abstract：
:During highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-1 can still persist in circulating, resting CD4+ T lymphocytes, lymph node mononuclear cells, and seminal cells of patients despite sustained suppression of plasma viremia to undetectable levels. Sanctuary sites where antiretroviral drug penetration is not optimal may allow local HIV-1 infection of cells within and passing through these tissues. Factors such as imperfect drug adherence due to complicated drug regimens may also result in tissue compartments with suboptimal drug concentrations allowing viral replication. We have examined blood monocytes from HIV-1-infected subjects being effectively treated with HAART to determine virus carriage in these cells. Monocytes were purified from peripheral blood of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA below 50 copies/mL and who had maintained levels of plasma RNA below detection for 3 months or more. Replication-competent virus could be recovered from the majority of monocyte populations by co-culture with CD8-depleted, PHA-activated, peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sequencing of the reverse transcriptase and protease genes of the recovered viruses did not reveal resistance to both reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors. Continued new infection of this transitory, circulating population of cells even during prolonged, effective HAART most likely reflects ongoing, low-level HIV-1 replication within cellular reservoirs and sanctuary sites in the body.
journal_name
J Leukoc Bioljournal_title
Journal of leukocyte biologyauthors
Crowe SM,Sonza Ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-09-01 00:00:00pages
345-50issue
3eissn
0741-5400issn
1938-3673journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a T helper type 1 cell-mediated autoimmune disease, which serves as a model of human chronic uveitis. In this model, cells of a monocyte/macrophage lineage and retinal antigen (Ag)-specific T cells infiltrate into the retina and cause inflammatory lesion, where proinflamm...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0805453
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunosuppression is currently the treatment of choice to attenuate the chronic deterioration of tissue function as a result of the effector mechanisms of the immunological response in transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases. However, global immunosuppression greatly increases the risk of acquiring life-threateni...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1189/jlb.0809590
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In human neutrophils, TNF-elicited O(2)(-) production requires adherence and integrin activation. How this cooperative signaling between TNFRs and integrins regulates O(2)(-) generation has yet to be fully elucidated. Previously, we identified delta-PKC as a critical early regulator of TNF signaling in adherent neutro...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0408230
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophils phagocytize high-valency immune complexes (HIC) by an Fc gamma receptor-mediated mechanism, activating an oxidative burst and initiating degranulation. In contrast, neutrophils exhibit chemotaxis to N-formylated peptides [e.g., N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)] and secrete far fewer oxidants ...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jlb.61.4.522
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is known to be involved in neutrophil (PMN) adhesion to endothelial cells and extracellular matrix. Although antibodies to CD 18 are being tested for therapy in humans, their role in PMN migration through the extracellular matrix is unknown. We used direct visualization to quantify PMN motility thro...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jlb.65.3.356
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previously unsuspected, considerable proportion of newly synthesized polypeptides are hydrolyzed rapidly by proteasomes, possibly competing with endogenous substrates and altering proteostasis. In view of the anti-cancer effects of PIs, we set out to achieve a quantitative assessment of proteasome workload in cells ...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.1011497
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular zinc homeostasis is strictly regulated by zinc binding proteins and zinc transporters. In the present study, we quantified in a first global view the expression of all characterized human zinc exporters (hZnT-1-9) in different leukocyte subsets in response to zinc supplementation and depletion and analyz...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0307148
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal humans and rodents are susceptible to infection with encapsulated bacteria as a result of an inability to make antibodies to capsular polysaccharides. This is partly a result of decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines by splenic macrophages (MPhi) from neonates. In this study, we show that when stim...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0107071
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MΦs are important sensory cells of the innate immune system and regulate immune responses through releasing different combinations of cytokines. In this study, we examined whether cytokines released by MΦs in response to the probiotic bacterial strain GR-1 modulate the responses of DCs. The cytokine profile released b...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0810445
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biology of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system has been studied extensively in the mouse. Studies of the pig as an experimental model have commonly been consigned to specialist animal science journals. In this review, we consider some of the many ways in which the innate immune systems of humans differ from ...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1189/jlb.1110607
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytohesin-1 and ARNO are guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) for ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf). Here, we show that ARNO is expressed in HL-60 cells and established that granulocytic differentiation induced with Me2SO stimulated cytohesin-1 but not ARNO expression. Cytohesin-1 levels in HL-60 granulocytes were s...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and their terminal connections in the striatum are central features in Parkinson's disease (PD). Emerging evidence supports the notion that microglia neuroinflammatory responses speed neurodegenerative events. We demonstrated previously tha...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0507296
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarticular complications are common in human brucellosis, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In this manuscript, we described an immune mechanism for inflammatory bone loss in response to infection by Brucella abortus. We established a requirement for MyD88 and TLR2 in TNF-α-elicited osteo...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.04111185
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IL-17 has been associated with selected inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We characterized the expression of this proinflammatory cytokine following HSV-1 corneal infection and investigated whether IL-17R signaling modulated the host response to the viral pathogen at early time-points postinfection. IL-17 was elev...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0807571
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone destruction in inflammatory osteolytic diseases including periodontitis is related to excessive activity of osteoclasts (OC), which originate from precursor cells of the myeloid lineage, termed osteoclast precursors (OCP). In contrast to ample knowledge that we currently have on mature OC, little is known about O...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/JLB.1HI0620-230R
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood. From the circulation, they are quickly mobilized to sites of inflammation and/or infection. At the affected tissues, neutrophils display an impressive array of antimicrobial functions, including degranulation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocyto...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/JLB.4MIR0220-574RR
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prevalence of food allergies in the United States is on the rise. Eosinophils are recruited to the intestinal mucosa in substantial numbers in food allergen-driven gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is known to play a pro-inflammatory role during inflammation by metabolizing anti-infla...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/JLB.3MA1017-423R
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells are immune sentinels and a driving force in both normal and pathological contexts of inflammation, with a prominent role in allergic hypersensitivities. Crosslinking of FcεRI by allergen-bound IgE Abs leads to mast cell degranulation, resulting in an early-phase response and release of newly synthesized pro...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/JLB.3A0320-434R
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB controls the expression of genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Impaired regulation of NF-kappaB has been associated with many diseases; thus, there is significant interest in therapeutic approaches based on modulation o...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0405211
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that the cytokine IL-12 and the transcription factor STAT4, an essential part of the IL-12 signaling pathway, are critical components of the Th1 differentiation process in T cells. In response to pathogenic stimuli, this process causes T cells to proliferate rapidly and secrete high amounts of t...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.1A0814-375RR
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The absence or reduction of CFTR function causes CF and results in a pulmonary milieu characterized by bacterial colonization and unresolved inflammation. The ineffectiveness at controlling infection by species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggests defects in innate immunity. Macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs have a...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0412188
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AMphis) are incompetent to phagocytose unopsonized Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but ingestion by other macrophage phenotypes (i.e., peritoneal macrophages) occurs efficiently. The purpose of this study was to explore factors that might control such phenotypic differences. Our laboratory has ...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophils can attach to E-selectin under flow. Proposed ligands for E-selectin carry SLe(x)-type glycans. The leukocyte beta2 integrins are glycosylated with SLe(x). Thus, we speculated that beta2 integrins could support attachment to E-selectin. To test this hypothesis, we coated 10-microm-diameter microspheres wit...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jlb.67.2.196
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophage activation by IFN-gamma results in a cascade of gene expression. To identify genes activated in mouse peritoneal macrophages by IFN-gamma, we created a cDNA subtraction library of IFN-gamma-induced genes. We have isolated from this subtraction library a novel cDNA clone, called Mg21, whose mRNA is absent in...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jlb.57.3.477
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cell (DC) and DC-derived exosomes (EXO) have been used extensively for tumor vaccination. However, its therapeutic efficiency is limited to only production of prophylactic immunity against tumors. T cells can uptake DC-released EXO. However, the functional effect of transferred exosomal molecules on T cells ...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.0407249
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The actual level of circulating estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) has a serious impact on regulation of diverse immune cell functions, where their classical cytoplasmic receptors, ERα and ERβ, act as nuclear transcriptional regulators of multiple target genes. There is growing evidence, however, for rapid, "non-nuclear" re...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1189/jlb.2A0214-080RR
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spatial analyses of the distribution of Ca2+ in resting and activated T and B lymphocytes have shown that the bulk of increased [Ca2+]i appears to be associated with the nuclear region. These observations suggest that Ca2+ is released from the perinuclear space or that it diffuses to the nucleoplasm, or both. We have ...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jlb.62.6.874
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated the expression of human CD1d antigen on activated mature T cells. Expression of this glycoprotein was found to be highly regulated and dependent on PHA stimulation. Flow cytometry studies using the NOR3.2 antibody, which recognized CD1d under denaturing conditions, showed a clear ...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ICAM-1 is a cell surface glycoprotein and an adhesion receptor that is best known for regulating leukocyte recruitment from circulation to sites of inflammation. However, in addition to vascular endothelial cells, ICAM-1 expression is also robustly induced on epithelial and immune cells in response to inflammatory sti...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/JLB.2MR0220-549R
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the kinetics of macrophage subpopulations and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Rat macrophage subpopulations were examined by immunohistochemistry using various anti-rat macrophage monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their prolif...
journal_title：Journal of leukocyte biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jlb.56.6.741
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
