Abstract:
:The mechanisms of action of glucocorticoid hormones are mediated via specific intracellular receptor proteins. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates expression of specific target genes or gene networks by ligand-dependent transcriptional activation, i.e. ligand-dependent activation of the receptor with subsequent dimer formation and DNA binding. There are a number of factors, such as the receptor concentration, receptor associated proteins, receptor alterations and the effects on the gene network including hormonal regulation of transcription, mRNA splicing and translation, that might influence glucocorticoid responsiveness in a normal and healthy population as well as in different diseases. Several categories of glucocorticoid resistance have been described including inherited GR resistance which has been explained in terms of specific mutations and offers an important model for genetic and clinical studies of steroid sensitivity, and relative glucocorticoid resistance, which occurs naturally in the course of cellular differentiation, cell to cell or tissue to tissue, since all cells possess receptors for glucocorticoids but do not show the same response to them. From a clinical point of view, it is also interesting to consider preexisting genetic susceptibility to glucocorticoids, acquired changes in the GR gene structure and organization, including alterations of noncoding sequences, and the importance of mutations, deletions and other changes in the GR gene affecting receptor function. Analysis of mutations within the receptor resulting in relative glucocorticoid resistance, both generalized inherited glucocorticoid resistance (GIGR) and directed mutagenesis, has identified two regions of clustered mutations in the proximity of previously identified affinity labeled residues directly affecting the steroid binding function. Finally, studies of New Words primates and cell lines derived from hematologic malignancies constitute animal and human models for the molecular basis of glucocorticoid resistance where a number of inherited and acquired mutations in the GR gene have been demonstrated.
journal_name
J Neuroendocrinoljournal_title
Journal of neuroendocrinologyauthors
Brönnegård M,Stierna P,Marcus Cdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2826.1996.04781.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-06-01 00:00:00pages
405-15issue
6eissn
0953-8194issn
1365-2826journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Growth hormone (GH) is known to regulate peripheral components of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis, but it remains unclear whether GH exerts a significant influence on the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary components of the HPG axis. In this study, we investigated the development of HPG axis function i...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01467.x
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women are twice as likely to suffer from mood disorders than men. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests a reciprocal modulation between sex steroids and the serotonin (5-HT) system. A previous study from our laboratory has shown that the progesterone metabolites 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione (5beta-DHP) and 5alpha...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01292.x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptide W (NPW), an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor GPR7, is produced in neurones in the rat hypothalamus and brain stem known to be important in the control of food intake and the neuroendocrine response to stress. In previous studies, central administration of NPW during the light phase inc...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jne.12102
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether the suprachiasmatic nucleus can drive a circadian release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the preoptic area, we measured the release of GnRH, arginine-vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in cocultures of the preoptic area and the suprachiasmatic nucleus at 2-h inter...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00481.x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During development, melatonin receptors are transiently expressed in multiple neuroendocrine tissues, suggesting a novel role for melatonin in developmental physiology. The best characterised model of melatonin signalling during development is the pars distalis of the rat pituitary. However, although many studies have...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01389.x
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike other mammals, including rodents, Old World primates and humans, common marmosets and probably all other New World primates synthesise and release chorionic gonadotrophin (CG), and not luteinising hormone (LH) from pituitary gonadotrophs. However, little is known about the physiological dynamics of gonadotrophi...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01535.x
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbetocin, a long-acting oxytocin analogue, has been reported to elicit interesting and peculiar behavioural effects. The present study investigated the molecular pharmacology of carbetocin, aiming to better understand the molecular basis of its action in the brain. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer bio...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jne.12363
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients suffering anorexia nervosa (AN) become anhedonic, unable or unwilling to derive normal pleasures and tend to avoid rewarding outcomes, most profoundly in food intake. The activity-based anorexia model recapitulates many of the pathophysiological and behavioural hallmarks of the human condition, including a re...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jne.12479
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Unlike seasonally breeding species such as the Syrian hamster, Sprague-Dawley laboratory rats do not normally respond to short photoperiod (6L18D) with reproductive regression. However, removal of the olfactory bulbs (BX) unmasks a photoperiodic response in pre-pubertal rats so that blinding or short photoper...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00469.x
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain has been known to be a sensitive target organ for the permanent organisational effects of gonadal steroids for close to 50 years. Recent advances have revealed a variety of unexpected cellular mechanisms by which steroids impact on the synaptic profile of hypothalamic nuclei critical to the control of reprod...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01723.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female Long-Evans rats exhibit stable individual differences in maternal behaviours such as pup licking/grooming and arched-back nursing posture (LG-ABN). These variations in maternal behaviour are accompanied by differences in lactation-induced increases in oxytocin receptor levels in brain regions known to mediate t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00599.x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In some species, including gerbils, guinea pigs, mice, rams and rats, some apparently normal males fail to mate. These kinds of animals have been named 'noncopulating (NC)'. The cause of this behavioural deficit is unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether NC male rats have alterations in the amount of and...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01401.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothalamo-pituitary inhibition of reproductive function during undernutrition is well known, however, the physiological mechanisms leading to suppression of gonadotrophin secretion are not clear. A variety of studies have indicated that testicular negative feedback on LH secretion is enhanced during food restriction...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00599.x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) preproprotein sequence is known in mice, until now, the molecular structure of the mature, functional peptides processed from the target precursor molecule has not been determined. In the present study, we purified endogenous RFRP1 and RFRP3 peptides from mouse hypothalamic ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jne.12668
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of changes in glucose level constitutes the first step of the control of glucose homeostasis. Glucose sensors are therefore expected to be present in different parts of the body and particularly in the central nervous system. Some studies have already attempted to determine glucose-sensitive cerebral str...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01185.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to various reproductive stimuli, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is released both from the neurohypophysial terminal into the blood stream and within distinct brain regions in response to stressful or social stimuli. Brain OXT receptor-mediated actions were shown to be significantly involved in the regulat...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01726.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trout pineal photoreceptor cells were dissociated by trypsin-DNase digestion and further purified by a Percoll gradient centrifugation. Total cells or purified photoreceptor cells were then embedded in a collagen gel, or layered on culture-treated polycarbonate membranes, or maintained in suspension, with RPMI 1640 me...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1992.tb00214.x
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now clear that oestrogens are not only circulating reproductive hormones, but that they also have neurotransmitter-like properties in a wide range of brain circuits. The view of oestrogens as intrinsic neuromodulators that shape behaviour has been bolstered by a series of recent developments from multiple verteb...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jne.12055
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study tested the hypothesis that photoperiod affects the ability of testosterone to reduce proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) mRNA levels in both the preoptic area (POA) or medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). Twenty castrated male sheep were...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00243.x
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orexin immunoreactive fibres are abundant in the hypothalamus suggesting a neuroendocrine regulatory role. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of orexin A suppressed plasma prolactin in male rats by 71% at 20 min post-injection and 83% at 90 min post-injection (P < 0.005 vs saline at both time points). To inv...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) regulate the autocrine/paracrine growth of neuroblastomas. The IGFs bind to specific binding proteins (IGFBPs) which modulate their biological activity. We investigated, by Western ligand blotting (WLB), the presence of IGFBPs and their possible modulation by retinoic acid (RA), IGF-...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00601.x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo glucocorticoid (GC) secretion exhibits a distinctive ultradian rhythmicity. The lipophilic hormone can rapidly diffuse into cells, although only the pulse peak is of sufficient amplitude to activate the low affinity glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Discrete pulses readily access brain regions such as the hippocam...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02051.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal animals use different strategies to reduce energy expenditure in the face of reduced seasonal food availability. For example, the ground squirrel enters a hibernation state with reduced metabolism, hypothermia and suppressed central nervous system activity, whereas the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) e...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01620.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripartum hormones and sensory cues from young modify the maternal brain in ways that can render females either at risk for, or resilient to, elevated anxiety and depression. The neurochemical systems underlying these aspects of maternal emotional and mood states include the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and the n...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jne.12188
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Summary How does 'nurture' change the brain? Recent evidence suggests that maternal care may shape the infant brain by turning genes 'on' or 'off' during development. Some of the genes affected are important for maternal and social behaviour leading to long-term changes in the nurturing behaviour of offspring. These s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01901.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel approaches to the characterization of coding carried by spike trains are discussed. Measuring firing frequency alone may only partially reflect spike patterning, and can only quantify changes of the most obvious kind. We have devised a method that combines probabilistic and information approaches to quantify the...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.0953-8194.2004.01166.x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute stress causes biphasic changes in corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) receptor mRNA expression with an early decrease followed by an increase. However, in the absence of glucocorticoids in adrenalectomized rats, stress results in prolonged CRH receptor (CRH-R) mRNA loss, suggesting that interactions between gl...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00212.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract The presence and distribution of angiotensinogen and angiotensin II (All) were demonstrated in rat pituitary by immunocytochemical staining with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, using primary polyclonal antibodies specific for angiotensinogen and All. Silver enhancement of the reaction product was used to...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00408.x
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neural and neurochemical substrates regulating reproduction in birds remain vaguely defined. The findings that electrical stimulation in the medial preoptic area (ES/MPOA) or intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine (DA) stimulated luteinising hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) release in female turkeys, led to ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01443.x
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Neurohypophysical hormone release, and the electrical activity of single neurons of the supraoptic nucleus, were monitored in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Immediately after electrolytic lesions of the region anterior and ventral to the third ventricle (AV3V region), supraoptic neurons showed little spontaneou...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00074.x
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00