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Behavioral and environmental determinants of reproductive success in traditional Moroccan Berber groups.

Abstract：

:The reproductive histories of women aged 45-70 years from a homogeneous Berber population of South Morocco were sampled from three contrasting environments: a small town (n = 75), villages in the lowlands (n = 217), and villages in the highlands (n = 128). The main reproductive variables oppose the relatively better conditions of fertile life in the lowlands to the more hostile ones in the highlands. Path analysis confirms this difference through reproductive behaviors and suggests the existence of mechanisms for controlling family size in town and in the rural lowlands, but not in the highlands. The estimates of survival function show significant differences among the three groups, the conditions for survival in the highlands being clearly less favorable. Rank tests of the association of survival data with several covariates indicate the association of survival data with vaccinations and with conditions of delivery. In spite of the lower rate of offspring survival, the highlander group would demonstrate a higher overall number of children reaching reproductive maturity, thanks to an extended reproductive span. :Survey data were obtained in 1984 and during 1986-87 among 1450 households in one small rural village and other lowland villages around Marrakesh, Morocco, and among 607 households in nine remote highland villages. Reproductive histories among women aged 45-70 years were obtained from 75 women in the small town, 217 women in the lowlands, and 128 women in the highlands. The three samples represent reproductive behaviors among the Berber in three settings. The aim was to evaluate differences in reproductive success within a breeding unit. Fertility among highlanders differed in the longer length of the reproductive period and higher child mortality up to 15 years. Tempo of fertility differed among geographic groups. Women residing in towns reached completed fertility at the youngest age. Proximate determinants of fertility include 1) the span of reproductive life (SRL), and 2) the sum of inter-birth intervals (IBI), which is affected by the total lactation time (TLT) and the sum of time lost for reproduction (TLR). TLR is indirectly estimated through the annual number of visits to dispensaries (NVD). The path model of reproductive success includes live birth intervals, NLB, and number of children reaching their 15th birthday (ENC). In towns and highlands, 45% of the variance in IBI was explained by TLR, TLT, and age at marriage. In rural lowlands, 38% of the variance in IBI was explained by these three variables. TLT was the strongest causal variable. Health care variables were important only in towns. The path analysis suggests that town and lowland reproductive behavior differed from the highlands. In the highlands, mortality was high in the first 2 years of life. Survival time was associated with vaccinations and conditions of delivery. Reproductive success (gene transmission), which was based on the highest survival curve and the lowest incidence of primary sterility, was higher among highlanders.

journal_name

Am J Phys Anthropol

journal_title

American journal of physical anthropology

authors

Crognier E

doi

10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199606)100:2<181::AID-AJPA

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1996-06-01 00:00:00

pages

181-90

issue

eissn

0002-9483

issn

1096-8644

pii

10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199606)100:2<181::AID-AJPA

journal_volume

100

pub_type

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Behavioral and environmental determinants of reproductive success in traditional Moroccan Berber groups.