Abstract：
:New generation vaccines, particularly those based on recombinant proteins and DNA, are likely to be less reactogenic than traditional vaccines but are also less immunogenic. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new and improved vaccine adjuvants. Adjuvants can be broadly separated into two classes based on their principal mechanisms of action: vaccine delivery systems and immunostimulatory adjuvants. Vaccine-delivery systems generally are particulate (e.g., emulsions, microparticles, iscoms, and liposomes) and function mainly to target associated antigens into antigen-resenting cells. In contrast, immunostimulatory adjuvants are derived predominantly from pathogens and often represent pathogen-ssociated molecular patterns (e.g., lipopolysaccaride, monophosphoryl lipid A, CpG DNA). which activate cells of the innate immune system. Recent progress in innate immunity is beginning to yield insight into the initiation of immune responses and the ways in which immunostimulatory adjuvants may enhance this process. The discovery of more potent adjuvants may allow the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against cancers and chronic infectious diseases. In addition, new adjuvants may also allow vaccines to be delivered mucosally.
journal_name
Pharm Resjournal_title
Pharmaceutical researchauthors
Singh M,O'Hagan DTdoi
10.1023/a:1016104910582subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-06-01 00:00:00pages
715-28issue
6eissn
0724-8741issn
1573-904Xjournal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The role of a bile salt (sodium taurocholate) and lipolysis products (monoglyceride and fatty acid) in the intestinal absorption of a poorly water-soluble drug, diazepam, was investigated. Absorption rates and bioavailabilities were determined with the in situ rat gut technique of Doluisio et al. and analyzing the dia...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/A:1016312827680
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the extent of lateral spread and stratum corneum (SC) penetration of caffeine (CAF), hydrocortisone (HC) and ibuprofen (IBU) using a novel concentric tape stripping technique. METHOD:Ethanolic solutions of CAF, HC or IBU were applied to the forearm of 8 volunteers. At various time points, 10 succe...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-012-0731-7
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Covalent binding between N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and albumin was evaluated kinetically by conducting in vitro experiments. METHOD:After 14C-NAC was incubated with human or rat serum, the solution was analyzed by anion-exchange HPLC. The albumin-bound 14C-NAC was quantified by measuring the radioactivity in t...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020749211745
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five aliphatic 5'-esters of 5-iodo-2'deoxyuridine (IDU) were synthesized via an acid chloride alcoholysis reaction. The solubility in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, lipophilicity as determined by partition experiments in octanol/pH 7.4 buffer, and cytotoxicity of these potential prodrugs were evaluated. The esters showed a ...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015968113838
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Heparin immobilized porous poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were prepared for sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to induce angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Porous PLGA microspheres having primary amine groups on the surface were prepared using an oil-in-water (O/...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-006-9039-9
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the potential of a novel lipid carrier, comprising beads of alpha-cyclodextrin and soybean oil, for topical drug delivery. Adapalene was chosen as a model drug to explore the ability of the beads to encapsulate and release a highly lipophilic compound. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Adapalene-loaded bead...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-007-9395-0
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this work was to develop a quantitative, flow cytometric method for tracking the endolysosomal escape of a fluorescently labelled saporin toxin. METHODS:Flow cytometric measurements of fluorescent pulse width and height were used to track the endocytic uptake into Daudi cells of a fluorescently labe...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-019-2725-1
更新日期：2019-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Study on curcumin dissolved in natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) was aimed at exploiting their beneficial properties as drug carriers. METHODS:The concentration of dissolved curcumin in NADES was measured. Simulated gastrointestinal fluids were used to determine the concentration of curcumin and quantum c...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-019-2643-2
更新日期：2019-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The long-term stability and nasal absorption characteristics of a basic nasal formulation of azetirelin, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog and its absorption enhancement by incorporation of acylcarnitines in the formulation were investigated. METHODS:The long-term stability of basic nasal azetirelin formu...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1011952804479
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Polyesters with hydrophilic domains, i.e., poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic-co-hydroxymethyl glycolic acid) (PLGHMGA) and a multiblock copolymer of poly(ε-caprolactone)-PEG-poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide) ((PC-PEG-PC)-(PL)) are expected to cause less acylation of encapsulated peptides than fully hydrophobic...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-015-1685-3
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The absorption of insulin across the vaginal mucosa into the systemic circulation was studied in ovariectomized rats given subsequent estrogen treatment. Blood glucose levels were determined as an indirect measure of insulin absorption, and the effect of various enhancers on the hypoglycemic response was investigated....
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015892630637
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:It is reported that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to plasma unbound concentration ratio of fleroxacin at steady-state is approximately 0.5 in experimental animals. These results can be accounted for by assuming the presence of an active transport system for the efflux of this compound across the choroid plexus....
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1016081618149
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of γ-cyclodextrin and its four derivatives on the solubility of progesterone in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 was investigated. γ-Cyclodextrin forms a complex precipitating from solution at low cyclodextrin concentrations. No precipitation of complexes was observed with the γ-cyclodextrin derivatives. This change...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/A:1016301919928
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic P85 (P85) increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with respect to a broad spectrum of drugs by inhibiting the drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). In this regard, P85 serves as a promising component for CNS drug delivery systems. To assess t...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:pham.0000048189.79606.6e
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various diesters of 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)-methyl]guanine (DHPG) were screened in order to identify a derivative with improved oral absorption. The solubilities and dissolution rates decreased with increasing chain length and branching of the ester group. However, the dipropionate ester showed an anomalously fas...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1016462801968
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5'-Ester derivatives of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) with varying degrees of lipophilicity were examined to evaluate the effectiveness of lipophilic ester prodrugs for enhanced and sustained delivery of IDU to the brain parenchyma. Approximately 1.0% (1.0 +/- 0.19; n = 4) of the total radioactivity was found in the br...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015803922401
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this work was to evaluate whether improved topical delivery of finasteride, focussed to the hair follicles of human scalp skin could be achieved with application of short durations of heat and use of specific chemical penetration enhancers. METHODS:Franz cell experiments with human scalp skin were p...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-020-02822-y
更新日期：2020-05-31 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To develop a statistical model for predicting effect of food on the extent of absorption (area under the curve of time-plasma concentration profile, AUC) of drugs based on physicochemical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Logistic regression was applied to establish the relationship between the effect of food ...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-007-9236-1
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the influence of the main biopharmaceutical factors on the viability of a new probiotic yeast strain, using dynamic in vitro systems simulating human gastric/small intestinal (TIM) and large intestinal (ARCOL) environments. METHODS:The viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 throughout th...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-011-0620-5
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The plasma concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetics were characterized for nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, after multiple daily application of a nicotine user-activated transdermal therapeutic system (UATTS) to nine healthy smokers. The volunteers abstained from smoking 24 hr prior to and during t...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015810019076
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of enantiomers of fenoprofen (FEN) was developed. Following the addition of internal standard (IS; racemic ketoprofen), the plasma or urine constituents are extracted into a mixture of isooctane:isopropanol (95:5), back ext...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015867513045
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hair follicle, hair shaft, and sebaceous gland collectively form what is recognized as the pilosebaceous unit. This complex, three-dimensional structure within the skin possesses a unique biochemistry, metabolism and immunology. Recent studies have focused on the hair follicle as a potential pathway for both local...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1016250422596
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Predicting human skin permeability of chemical compounds accurately and efficiently is useful for developing dermatological medicines and cosmetics. However, previous work have two problems; 1) quality of databases used, and 2) methods for prediction models. In this paper, we attempt to solve these two problems...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-015-1629-y
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:With the recent approval of the first small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutic formulated as nanoparticles, there is increased incentive for establishing the factors of importance for the design of stable solid dosage forms of such complex nanomedicines. METHODS:The aims of this study were: (i) to identify...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-019-2663-y
更新日期：2019-08-02 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the pharmacokinetics of GS-522, an oligodeoxynucleotide (GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG) inhibitor of thrombin, after constant infusion and bolus administration in the cynomolgus monkey. METHODS:Using a stability indicating HPLC method, the GS-522 plasma concentration versus time data were obtained after constan...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1016295907266
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine whether the glass transition temperature (Tg) of freeze-dried formulations containing polymer excipients can be accurately predicted by molecular dynamics simulation using software currently available on the market. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for isomaltodecaose, a fragment of de...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1023831102203
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Study the radiolysis of solid-state metoclopramide hydrochloride at various absorbed doses. Elucidate the structure of the degradation products to gain information on the radiolysis mechanisms. METHODS:Solid-state metoclopramide samples were irradiated at several doses with gamma rays and high-energy electrons...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-006-0019-x
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to identify new surfactants with low skin irritant properties for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, employing cell culture as an alternative method to in vivo testing. In addition, we sought to establish whether potential cytotoxic properties were related to the size of ...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:pham.0000041459.63362.6f
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enoximone and piroximone are cardiotonic agents for use in patients with congestive heart failure. Electroanalytical studies revealed that the dihydroimidazolone functionality was oxidizable and that this property can be analytically useful. The compounds undergo a two-electron, irreversible oxidation in neutral to ac...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015811830830
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Turbidimetric or light scattering assays can be used to determine the extent of aggregation in protein formulations. Using low molecular weight urokinase (LMW-UK) as a model protein, the effect of polymeric additives on heat-induced aggregation was evaluated. Previous work has shown that under 60 degrees C heat treatm...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1018935420680
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
