Abstract：
PURPOSE:The pharmacokinetics of corticosteroids in pregnancy were analyzed to assess maternal/fetal disposition and factors controlling fetal exposure. Area/Moment equations and compartmental models for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters from single dose data during pregnancy were developed. METHODS:Betamethasone in the maternal/fetal circulations of sheep was measured by HPLC after maternal intramuscular injection (n = 4) of 170 microg kg(-1) of a depot formulation. Additional data for beta-methasone in sheep and dexamethasone pharmacokinetics in rats were obtained from the literature. Area/Moment equations were derived using mass balance concepts, statistical moments, and Laplace theory. Area/Moment analysis, compartmental modeling, and allometric scaling to man for betamethasone were performed using WinNonlin and ADAPT II programs. RESULTS:Polyexponential maternal/fetal profiles for corticosteroids were observed. Clearance terms for corticosteroid transfer from fetus to mother were 4-fold higher than the clearance term for transfer in the opposite direction. A placental efflux process may restrict fetal access of corticosteroids which are known PGP substrates. The elimination clearance estimates indicate that fetal metabolism plays a minor role in corticosteroid elimination. CONCLUSIONS:Generalized and specific models for maternal/fetal pharmacokinetics were developed. An efflux transport mechanism, such as the known placental expression of PGP, could explain the limited fetal exposure of corticosteroids.
journal_name
Pharm Resjournal_title
Pharmaceutical researchauthors
Samtani MN,Schwab M,Nathanielsz PW,Jusko WJdoi
10.1007/s11095-004-7681-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-12-01 00:00:00pages
2279-92issue
12eissn
0724-8741issn
1573-904Xjournal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:To develop a statistical model for predicting effect of food on the extent of absorption (area under the curve of time-plasma concentration profile, AUC) of drugs based on physicochemical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Logistic regression was applied to establish the relationship between the effect of food ...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-007-9236-1
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
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doi：10.1007/s11095-006-9089-z
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-015-1629-y
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new method of analysis for the antihypertensive drug, hydralazine, is introduced. The assay involves the addition of p-nitrobenzaldehyde to blood samples containing hydralazine, to form a stable Schiff's base, hydralazine p-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone. The derivative is extracted from the blood into hexane and the s...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Understanding the mechanism of protein-excipient interaction and illuminating the influencing factors on protein stability are key steps in the rational design of protein formulations. The objective of this study was to assess effects of preferential interaction type of excipient and surface aromatic hydrophobi...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-017-2152-0
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-017-2224-1
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To develop a safe and effective non-viral vector for gene delivery and transfection in macrophages for potential anti-inflammatory therapy. METHODS:Solid nanoparticles-in-emulsion (NiE) multi-compartmental delivery system was designed using plasmid DNA-encapsulated type B gelatin nanoparticles suspended in the...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-012-0677-9
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
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更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-006-9142-y
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the structure and function of the intestinal H+/ peptide transporter PET1, we compared its amino acid sequence with those of related transporters belonging to the oligopeptide transporter family PTR, and with more distant transporter families. METHODS:We have developed a new approach to the sequence a...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1012070726480
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015866714224
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Generalizations based upon behavior of small molecules have established that a crystalline solid is generally much more stable toward chemical degradation than is the amorphous solid. This study examines the validity of this generalization for proteins using biosynthetic human insulin as the model protein. MET...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1012164520429
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of buprenorphine on bremazocine-induced diuresis was tested in the rat to determine the nature of buprenorphine's action at the ϰ opioid receptor. Both morphine-tolerant and naive rats were used to account for possible antidiuretic effects of buprenorphine at the µ site. Separate experiments established tha...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/A:1016340106299
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The in-situ particle size of delavirdine mesylate in dry mix and tablets was determined. METHODS:Optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy combined with image analysis were used for qualitative and quantitative measurements. RESULTS:Using optical microscopy, it was demonstrated qualitatively that fragmen...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1018875130152
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In the present study we investigated the root-cause of an interference signal (100-200 nm) of sugar-containing solutions in dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and its consequences for the analysis of particles in biopharmaceutical drug products. METHODS:Different sugars as ...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-015-1634-1
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To show, using a model study, how electronic structure theory can be applied in combination with LC/UV/MS/MS for the prediction and identification of oxidative degradants. METHODS:The benzyloxazole 1, was used to represent an active pharmaceutical ingredient for oxidative forced degradation studies. Bond disso...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:pham.0000041469.96466.12
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The use of "Trojan Horse" nanocarriers for antibiotics to enhance the activity of antibiotics against susceptible and resistant bacteria is investigated. METHODS:Antibiotic carriers (CD-MAN and CD-GLU) are prepared from β-cyclodextrin grafted with sugar molecules (D-mannose and D-glucose, respectively) via azi...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2018-09-12 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the authors has his name incorrectly indexed in PubMed and SpringerLink as "Laird Forrest M" (last name "Laird Forrest"). His name should index as "Forrest M. Laird" with last name as "Forrest". ...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s11095-018-2463-9
更新日期：2018-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To analyze the effects of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis on the buccal transmucosal delivery of lidocaine and nicotine. METHODS:Porcine oral mucosal samples were pretreated with chemical enhancers before conducting 8-hr Franz diffusion-cell experiments. In studies addressing the influence of iontophoresi...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-011-0636-x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007575120817
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Since the adoption of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV disease progression has slowed across the world; however, patients are often required to take multiple medications daily of poorly bioavailable drugs via the oral route, leading to gastrointestinal irritation. Recently, long acting antiretroviral i...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-016-1936-y
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-018-2544-9
更新日期：2018-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the electrochemical behavior of the photodegradation product of nifedipine, i.e., 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrosophenyl)-3,5-pyridine-carboxylic acid dimethyl ester (NPD) in different electrolytic media. We also evaluated the interaction between free radicals generated from NPD and xeno/endobiotics. ...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Nine common excipients were examined to determine their ability to cause disproportionation of the HCl salt of a a weakly basic compound. The goal was to determine which excipients were problematic and correlate the results to known properties such as surface pH, slurry pH, or molecular structure. Such a correl...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-013-1002-y
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin (SV) and simvastatin acid (SVA), a lactone-acid pair known to undergo reversible metabolism, and to better understand mechanisms underlying pharmacokinetic interactions observed between SV and gemfibrozil. METHODS:Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted after ...
journal_title：Pharmaceutical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11095-005-6037-2
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
