Abstract:
:The term "rural" suggests many things to many people, such as agricultural landscapes, isolation, small towns, and low population density.However, defining "rural" for health policy and research purposes requires researchers and policy analysts to specify which aspects of rurality are most relevant to the topic at hand and then select an appropriate definition. Rural and urban taxonomies often do not discuss important demographic, cultural, and economic differences across rural places-differences that have major implications for policy and research. Factors such as geographic scale and region also must be considered. Several useful rural taxonomies are discussed and compared in this article. Careful attention to the definition of "rural" is required for effectively targeting policy and research aimed at improving the health of rural Americans.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Hart LG,Larson EH,Lishner DMdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2004.042432subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-07-01 00:00:00pages
1149-55issue
7eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
95/7/1149journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association of household-level stressors with depressive symptoms among low-wage nursing home employees. METHODS:Data were collected in 2006 and 2007 from 452 multiethnic primary and nonprimary wage earners in 4 facilities in Massachusetts. We used logistic regression to estimate the associ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300323
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the role of Department of Defense policies in identifying theater-sustained traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). METHODS:We conducted a retrospective study of 48 172 US military service members who sustained their first lifetime TBIs between 2001 and 2016 while deployed to Afghanistan or Iraq. We use...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304347
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We conducted an exploratory study to determine what organizational characteristics predict the provision of culturally competent services for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) veterans in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health facilities. METHODS:In 2011 to 2012, we adapted the Organizational Re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302140
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the association between the size and growth of Latino populations and hospitals' uncompensated care in California. METHODS:Our sample consisted of general acute care hospitals in California operating during 2000 and 2010 (n = 251). We merged California hospital data with US Census data for each ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302583
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined the relationship between enrollment in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and delivery of small-for-gestational-age infants. METHODS:WIC records were linked with birth certificates for 1992 full-term births; 41,234 WIC records and 18,34 non-W...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.9.1374
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the relation of household crowding to food insecurity among Inuit families with school-aged children in Arctic Quebec. METHODS:We analyzed data collected between October 2005 and February 2010 from 292 primary caregiver-child dyads from 14 Inuit communities. We collected information about househ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302290
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using claims data from 443 employee groups in North Carolina, this study examines the acute care hospital utilization rates of hospital employees and their dependents and compares them to employee groups in non-hospital settings. Results show that hospital employee groups account for 28 per cent more hospital days tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.9.1021
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of care coordination on asthma outcomes among children in underserved urban communities. METHODS:We enrolled children, most of whom had very poorly or not well-controlled asthma, in medical-social care coordination programs in Los Angeles, California; Chicago, Illinois; Philadelphia, Pe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303373
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of the results of breast self-examination (BSE) is inconclusive. Studies which address the question of proper method of BSE find that most women do not know how to carry out the procedure correctly. Socio-demographic characteristics most consistently related to BSE practice are age and education. New resear...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.11.1324
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) depends on the capacity of local communities to mobilize for action. Yet the literature offers few systematic investigations of what communities are doing to ensure support for enrollment. In this empirical case study, we report implementation and outcomes of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302505
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined self-reported suicidal behavior of older homeless veterans to establish frequencies and predictors of recent suicidal behaviors, and their impact on transitional housing interventions. METHODS:We analyzed the records of a national sample of 10,111 veterans who participated in a transition housin...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300436
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The classification of disease burdens is an important topic that receives little attention or debate. One common classification scheme, the broad cause grouping, is based on etiology and health transition theory and is mainly concerned with distinguishing communicable from noncommunicable diseases. This may be of limi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.3.384
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies of stress in childhood have used instruments containing items describing events/conditions thought by adults to be stressful for children. In interviews with 5th- and 6th-grade children, we asked them to describe circumstances that would make or had made them feel bad, nervous, or worried. After prete...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.2.117
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The effect of a community-based physical activity program in Pawtucket, RI, was evaluated relative to one in a comparison community. METHODS:Cross-sectional surveys of 7529 residents of Pawtucket, RI, and 7732 residents of the comparison city were conducted at 2-year intervals during 7 years of intervention...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.11.1741
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the feasibility of collecting race/ethnicity data from patients using their own preferred racial/ethnic terms. METHODS:The 424 patients described their race/ethnicity using their own categories, and we compared their descriptions with their responses to the questions (1) "Do you consider yoursel...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062620
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzed 30,194 incident cases and 4,301 death certificates for completeness of occupational reporting. Analysis of data accuracy was based upon a comparison of more than 2,000 death certificates with incident abstracts and 352 death certificates with interview data. Death certificates had a higher proporti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.5.464
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether and how racial prejudice at both the individual and community levels contributes to mortality risk among majority as well as minority group members. METHODS:We used data on racial attitudes from the General Social Survey (1993-2002) prospectively linked to mortality data from the Nationa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302776
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public health often deals with inconvenient truths. These are best communicated and acted on when public health agencies are independent of the organizations or individuals for whom the truths are inconvenient. The importance of public health independence is exemplified by the lack of involvement of the Pennsylvania D...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301755
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a theoretical framework to organize obesity prevention interventions by their likely impact on the socioeconomic gradient of weight. The degree to which an intervention involves individual agency versus structural change influences socioeconomic inequalities in weight. Agentic interventions, such as stand...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302066
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To quantify the number of people in the US who delay medical care annually because of lack of available transportation and to examine the differential prevalence of this barrier for adults across sociodemographic characteristics and patient populations.Methods. We used data from the National Health Intervi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305579
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following Hurricane Katrina, the uniformed US Public Health Service created an updated system through which its officers participated in emergency responses. The Rapid Deployment Force (RDF) concept, begun in 2006, involved five teams of officers with diverse clinical and public health skill sets organized into an inc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304496
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing evidence indicates that women in prison are particularly vulnerable to many negative health outcomes, including cervical cancer. The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is an effective tool to screen for this disease. To determine what is and is not working with the Pap test and follow-up treatment, we performed qualitati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.063677
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We explored insurers' perceptions regarding barriers to reimbursement for oral rapid HIV testing and other preventive screenings during dental care. METHODS:We conducted semistructured interviews between April and October 2010 with a targeted sample of 13 dental insurance company executives and consultants,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301825
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incidence rates for hip fracture in the United States were estimated using non-federal hospital discharges from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for the years 1974-1979. Age-specific incidence curves for women and for men showed similar patterns of increase in risk with age, with risks approximately doubling eve...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.12.1374
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the association between aerobic fitness and serum cholesterol and the effects of controlling for gender, body composition, abdominal fat, and dietary saturated fat in 262 children. The 1-mile run was used to estimate fitness. Skinfolds were used in assessing body fat. Fit children had lower total c...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.12.1702
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In this article the author describes public health advocacy and proposes a conceptual framework for understanding how it works. METHODS:The proposed framework incorporates the image of an assembly line. The public health advocacy assembly line produces changes in societal resource allocation that are necess...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.5.722
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Higher prices reduce consumption and initiation of tobacco products. A minimum price law that establishes a high statutory minimum price and prohibits the industry's discounting tactics for tobacco products is a promising pricing strategy as an alternative to excise tax increases. Although some states have adopted min...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302069
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively identified 102 mechanically restrained hospital patients and determined their hospital course. The cohort was elderly, cognitively impaired with multiple chronic diseases. The in-hospital mortality was 21 percent. Nosocomial infection developed in 12 percent and new pressure sores in 22 percent. Prolo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.6.735
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the implications of the current recommended data collection practice of placing self-rated health (SRH) before specific health-related questions (hence, without a health context) to remove potential context effects, between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. METHODS:We used 2 methodologically comparab...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301055
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the light of a possible link between stress and cancer promotion or progression, and of previously reported distress in residents near the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant, we attempted to evaluate the impact of the March 1979 accident on community cancer rates. METHODS:Proximity of residence ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.6.719
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00