Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Postoperative nausea and vomiting continue to be a significant problem for pediatric ambulatory surgery patients. Although ondansetron has been demonstrated to be effective in the prophylactic treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (surrogate end point) no one has demonstrated a benefit of antiemetic therapy on patient recovery, postanesthesia care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay (nonsurrogate end points). In a double-blind manner, the effects of ondansetron, droperidol, and placebo on the incidence of emesis, postanesthesia care unit stay, and hospital discharge time were evaluated in children undergoing dental surgery. METHODS:The subjects were 102 children aged 2-8 years undergoing complete dental restoration. All patients received midazolam before undergoing inhalation induction of anesthesia with N2O/O2 and halothane. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O/O2 and alfentanil. Patients were then randomized to receive ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg), droperidol (75 micrograms/kg), or placebo (normal saline) in a double-blind fashion. At the conclusion of the anesthesia, a trained nurse observer assessed patient recovery and recorded the time patients met specified criteria for postanesthesia care unit and hospital discharge as well as episodes of emesis in the hospital and at home during the first 24 hr after surgery. RESULTS:Ninety-five patients completed the study. The three antiemetic groups were similar with respect to age, weight, length of surgery, dose of alfentanil, and route of preanesthetic medication. The 24-hr incidence of emesis was significantly less with ondansetron (9%) than with placebo (35%) or droperidol (32%). Ondansetron-treated patients had significantly shorter hospital stays than droperidol-treated patients, but recovery parameters were similar between the ondansetron- and placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS:Ondansetron is an effective prophylactic antiemetic agent for children undergoing dental surgery. Compared with droperidol, ondansetron decreases the length of hospital stay, but compared to placebo, there were no differences in the patient recovery parameters.
journal_name
Anesthesiologyjournal_title
Anesthesiologyauthors
Davis PJ,McGowan FX Jr,Landsman I,Maloney K,Hoffmann Pdoi
10.1097/00000542-199511000-00007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-11-01 00:00:00pages
956-60issue
5eissn
0003-3022issn
1528-1175journal_volume
83pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验相关文献
ANESTHESIOLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Propofol can be associated with delayed awakening after prolonged infusion. The aim of this study was to characterize the preclinical pharmacology of AZD-3043, a positive allosteric modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor containing a metabolically labile ester moiety. The authors post...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31825685a6
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Persistent postsurgical pain is common and affects quality of life. The hypothesis was that use of pregabalin and ketamine would prevent persistent pain after cardiac surgery. METHODS:This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken at two cardiac surgery centers in the United Kingdom....
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002751
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Halothane has been previously shown in vitro to decrease both the inward calcium current in isolated cells and the density of calcium antagonist binding sites in cardiac sarcolemmal membranes prepared from several species, including humans, presumably contributing to the negative inotropic effects seen with ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199411000-00015
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is commonly used as plasma expander during surgery but may be nephrotoxic as seen in studies in patients with sepsis. The authors hypothesized that the possible nephrotoxicity of 6% HES 130/0.4 could be revealed by measurements of urinary excretion of neutrophil gelatinase-associate...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000413
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to assess the relationship between MAC and hypertension. To this purpose, MAC of halothane was determined in fully inbred spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Because MAC determination was performed in animals whose lungs were mechanically ventilated, the adequacy ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199005000-00013
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of halothane on uptake and phosphorylation of uridine, and on cellular ATP content were studied in Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliate protozoan. Exposure to halothane inhibited the accumulation of 14C-uridine into the following acid-soluble intracellular pools: UTP, UDP, UMP, and an unidentified compound. H...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Propofol is short-acting intravenous general anesthetics that reduces cardiovascular hemodynamics. The effects of propofol on intrinsic myocardial contractility, however, remain debatable. The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that inhibitory effects of propofol on left ventricular (LV) con...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200410000-00012
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pneumocephalus occurs in a variety of clinical settings and has important anesthetic implications, particularly if N2O is used. One common cause of pneumocephalus is a craniotomy or craniectomy, and therefore, patients undergoing these neurosurgical procedures may be at increased risk for the development of ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199405000-00009
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A high proportion of patients having cardiac bypass surgery receive erythrocyte transfusions. Decisions about when to transfuse patients having surgery for coronary artery disease may impact on erythrocyte utilization and patient morbidity and mortality. There are no published data about the factors that inf...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200607000-00008
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute pancreatitis has been linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response with high mortality. Thoracic epidural analgesia improves intestinal perfusion. The authors hypothesized that thoracic epidural analgesia influences microcirculation injury, inflammatory response, and outc...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200608000-00019
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The authors hypothesized a difference in plasma-effect site equilibration, depicted by a first-order constant k(e0), depending on the injection rate of propofol. METHODS:Sixty-one patients received 2.5 mg/kg propofol given as a bolus or as a 1-, 2-, or 3-min infusion. The Bispectral Index was used to monito...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000278902.15505.f8
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The dose-dependent myocardial depression of volatile general anesthetics such as isoflurane has been linked to blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels. The effects of (+)- and (-)-isoflurane on the inhibition of [3H]isradipine binding to L-type Ca2+ channels in membranes prepared from mouse heart were examined. In ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199407000-00018
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The authors compare three techniques for insertion of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. METHODS:Two hundred forty healthy patients aged 18-80 yr were randomly allocated for ProSeal laryngeal mask airway insertion using the digital, introducer tool (IT), or gum elastic bougie (GEB)-guided techniques. The di...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-200401000-00008
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic venous oxygen saturation (ShvO2) was continuously monitored in 33 consecutive patients undergoing hepatic lobectomy. Fiberoptic pulmonary artery catheters were inserted into the hepatic vein (HV) and in the pulmonary artery through the right internal jugular vein before anesthetic induction. The success rate a...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199101000-00009
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low concentrations of ethanol (17 mM) inhibited development of spontaneous mechanical activity (vasomotion) in isolated rat portal veins. Low concentrations of ethanol potentiated, however, contractions induced by epinephrine, but not those induced by angiotensin or potassium. Higher concentrations of ethanol, such as...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-197604000-00009
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of lidocaine on arterial pressure, heart rate and electrocortical activity were studied in nine fetal lambs at 0.77 to 0.92 gestation (116 to 138 days of gestation; term in sheep is 150 days). Lidocaine was administered into a fetal femoral vein either as a continuous infusion or as a bolus injection. Epilepti...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-197602000-00008
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adaptive support ventilation (ASV) allows the clinician to set a maximum plateau pressure (PP) and automatically adjusts tidal volume to keep PP below the set maximum. METHODS:ASV was compared to a fixed tidal volume of 6 ml/kg. ASV determined the respiratory rate and tidal volume based on its algorithms. M...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181b55f8f
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors sought to determine if isoflurane would attenuate effects of three different types of vasoconstrictors on isolated segments of canine epicardial coronary arteries removed from healthy dogs. As the endothelium has a major role in regulating epicardial coronary artery tone, and as it modulates the effect of ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-198710000-00012
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanisms that underlie the supraspinal central nervous system effects of systemic lidocaine are poorly understood and not solely explained by Na(+) channel blockade. Among other potential targets is the hyperpolarization-activated cation current, I(h), which is blocked by lidocaine in peripheral neuron...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31822ddf08
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics significantly influence contractile response to the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine although its precise mechanisms remain unclarified. In this study, we investigated its possible alterations in diabetes, as well as its underlying mechanisms. METHO...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181ce9e80
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The long-lasting high-affinity opioid buprenorphine has complex pharmacology, including ceiling effects with respect to analgesia and respiratory depression. Plasma concentrations of the major buprenorphine metabolites norbuprenorphine, buprenorphine-3-glucuronide, and norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide approxim...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e318238fea0
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mice lacking calsequestrin-1 (CASQ1-null), a Ca-binding protein that modulates the activity of Ca release in the skeletal muscle, exhibit lethal hypermetabolic episodes that resemble malignant hyperthermia in humans when exposed to halothane or heat stress. METHODS:Because oxidative species may play a criti...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000748
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is common, but it remains unclear whether there are long-term adverse cognitive effects of surgery combined with anesthesia. The authors examined the association between exposure to surgery and level of cognitive functioning in a sample of 8,503 middle-aged and elderly twi...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000957
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of propofol to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. This prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was designed to evaluate the antiemetic effectiveness of 0.5 mg/kg propofol when administered intravenously after sevoflurane- compared with desflurane-b...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-199810000-00007
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acid aspiration into one lung causes contralateral lung injury and systemic organ injury; this injury is thought to be mediated by the sequestration of activated neutrophils. Recombinant human soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) inhibits both the classical and alternative complement pathways; this study inv...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199611000-00021
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent evidence implicates nitric oxide (*NO) in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The authors tested the hypothesis that administration of low-dose endotoxin to pregnant rats mimics the signs of preeclampsia in humans and that *NO and *NO-derived species play a role in that animal model. METHODS:Endotoxin ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200012000-00017
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of four postanesthesia care unit (PACU) cardiovascular events to long-term outcomes (unplanned critical care admission or mortality) and to evaluate the contribution of anesthetic management compared with other perioperative factors in predicting th...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199604000-00003
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Morbidly obese patients, during anesthesia and paralysis, experience more severe impairment of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange than normal subjects. The authors hypothesized that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) induces different responses in normal subjects (n = 9; body mass index < 25 kg/m2) ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199911000-00011
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of halothane, at clinically relevant concentrations on the ability of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) to kill the most frequently isolated gram-negative organisms responsible for human bacteremias, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was studied. Exposure of PMNL to 0.75 per cent halothane...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-198155060-00009
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intravascular volume replacement is often required in the presence of increased pulmonary capillary leakage, for example in patients with volutrauma with major hemorrhage. In the present study, the effects of Ringer's acetate (RA), gelatin-polysuccinate (GEL), and a modern hydroxyethyl starch (HES, 6% 130/0....
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827e554c
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00