Abstract:
:Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is described as the most common neurobehavioral condition of childhood. We raise the concern that ADHD is not a disease per se but rather a group of symptoms representing a final common behavioral pathway for a gamut of emotional, psychological, and/or learning problems. Increasing numbers of children, especially boys, are diagnosed with ADHD and treated with stimulant medications according to a simplified approach. Methodical review of the literature, however, raised concerning issues. "Core" ADHD symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsivity are not unique to ADHD. Rates of "comorbid" psychiatric and learning problems, including depression and anxiety, range from 12 to 60%, with significant symptom overlap with ADHD, difficulties in diagnosis, and evidence-based treatment methods that do not include stimulant medications. No neuropsychologic test result is pathognomic for ADHD, and structural and functional neuroimaging studies have not identified a unique etiology for ADHD. No genetic marker has been consistently identified, and heritability studies are confounded by familial environmental factors. The validity of the Conners' Rating Scale-Revised has been seriously questioned, and parent and teacher "ratings" of school children are frequently discrepant, suggesting that use of subjective informant data via scale or interview does not form an objective basis for diagnosis of ADHD. Empiric diagnostic trials of stimulant medication that produce a behavioral response have been shown not to distinguish between children with and without "ADHD." In summary, the working dogma that ADHD is a disease or neurobehavioral condition does not at this time hold up to scrutiny of evidence. Thorough evaluation of symptomatic children should be individualized, and include assessment of educational, psychologic, psychiatric, and family needs.
journal_name
J Child Neuroljournal_title
Journal of child neurologyauthors
Furman Ldoi
10.1177/08830738050200121301subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-12-01 00:00:00pages
994-1002issue
12eissn
0883-0738issn
1708-8283journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The goal of this study was to collect prospective longitudinal information on the development of an epidemiologically defined cohort of patients with Tourette syndrome. These data may improve prognostic understanding of the condition. This information will also be important for specification of an adult phenotype for ...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307380101600609
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential benefits of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the investigation of normal development have been limited by difficulties in its use with children. We describe the practical aspects, including failure rates, involved in conducting large-scale functional MRI studies with normal children. Two h...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/08830738020170122201
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gelastic seizure is a rare symptom often associated with hypothalamic hamartoma. We present here a 4-year-old girl with gelastic epilepsy caused by hypothalamic hamartoma and report the magnetic resonance spectrometry and electroencephalographic (EEG) findings. At the age of 2 1/2 years, she developed brief, repetitiv...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307380201700111
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sydenham's chorea results from group A streptococcus infection and subsequent generation of antineuronal antibodies directed at the caudate nucleus and putamen. Predominantly bilateral, in up to 30% of cases the chorea can be unilaterally restricted. Imaging studies, both structural (magnetic resonance imaging) and fu...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389901400805
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An infant with a neonatal form of nemaline myopathy showed ultrastructural features of muscle immaturity. Immaturity was characterized by an abnormal presence of myotubes, as well as cells in clusters within a common basement membrane and a great number of satellite cells adhering to very small muscle fibers. In addit...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389000500209
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral and quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) techniques were used to evaluate treatment response to stimulant therapy in children with attention disorders. A sample of 130 children with attention disorders were evaluated with Conners and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--III rating sca...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389901400601
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors conducted this study to identify whether bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination leads to an altered spectrum of neuroimaging findings outcome in pediatric patients with tuberculous meningitis. This retrospective study was conducted through chart review and review of computed tomography (CT) scans and ma...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0883073809340921
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seizures occur more frequently early in life. Some of these early seizures may eventually become epilepsy. Others are reactive seizures due to excessive environmental stimuli that, in any other age group, might not have elicited a similar response. To understand the developmental aspects of seizures and epilepsy in hu...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0883073894009001031
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The size and reactivity to light of the pupil in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage has been variously described in the literature. These descriptions have included miosis, reactivity to light, nonreactivity to light, and anisocoria. We studied the size and light reactivity of 20 infants with intraventricular he...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389400900423
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report preliminary studies in 18 girls with Rett syndrome (15 typical, three atypical cases) who were studied using a number of neuropsychologic measures. Results indicate a relative preservation of gross motor and daily living skills at the developmental level of the age of onset of the condition. Other adaptive f...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0883073888003001s05
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::On April 19, 1995, Oklahoma City (and the United States) lost its innocence. Almost all Oklahomans can relate exactly what they were doing either at 9:02 AM that day or when they first learned of the bombing. Of course, the whole world watched the events unfold through around-the-clock television coverage. One of the ...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389501000510
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tics, patterned movements distinct from stereotypies, myoclonus, and other hyperkinetic movements, are quite common in children, particularly among those with developmental and psychiatric disorders. Thus, tics can indicate the presence of atypical neurodevelopment or broader difficulties with cognition or mood. Tics ...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/08830738060210080401
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is one of the most prevalent muscular dystrophies in the world, resulting from the deletion of tandem repeats on chromosome 4q35. Extramuscular associations include sensorineural hearing loss, mental retardation, and epilepsy. These manifestations are commonly found in those with...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2310/7010.2006.00054
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Childhood leukoencephalopathies are a broad class of diseases, which are extremely rare. The treatment and classification of these disorders are both challenging. Nearly half of children presenting with a leukoencephalopathy remain without a specific diagnosis. Leukoencephalopathy with thalamus and brain stem involvem...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0883073816630087
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case of a neonate with sectional narrowing of the spinal cord on the level of T12 to L2 and a deformed vertebral body on a different level, L4. In previously described cases of sectional spinal dysgenesis, the vertebral and spinal cord malformations are usually found on the same level. Our case may represe...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307380101600819
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rufinamide, a triazole derivative, is a new-generation antiseizure medication with a novel mechanism of action. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of rufinamide treatment in children with epilepsy younger than 4 years at our center. METHODS:In this retrospective study, we included children younger than 4 ...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0883073820967159
更新日期:2021-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The classic phenotype of CLN2 disease (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2) typically manifests between ages 2 and 4 years with a predictable clinical course marked by epilepsy, language developmental delay, and rapid psychomotor decline. Atypical phenotypes exhibit variable time of onset, symptomatology, ...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0883073820977997
更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed the data from 215 consecutively imaged children who were referred because of neurologic disease. We specifically looked for evidence of cerebral arterial infarction in the form of focal brain damage in an arterial vascular distribution. Twenty-eight showed an arterial infarction pattern. All the major cere...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307388700200413
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct perfusion of specific regions of the central nervous system by convection-enhanced delivery is becoming more widely used for the delivery of compounds in the research and treatment of various neural disorders. In contrast to other currently available central nervous system delivery techniques, convection-enhanc...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0883073808321064
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a case of a 1-year-old female child who was referred to the Early Intervention Clinic for evaluation of developmental delay and progressively enlarging head size. Developmental assessment revealed significant motor delay with borderline cognitive impairment. MRI of the brain revealed generalized ventriculom...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0883073814533149
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to decrease practice variation in treatment of neonatal status epilepticus by implementing a standardized protocol. Our primary goal was to achieve 80% adherence to the algorithm within 12 months. Secondary outcome measures included serum phenobarbital concentrations, number of patients progressing from seizu...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0883073816664670
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system that can present initially as an acute focal demyelinating syndrome. We report an 11-year-old girl who initially presented with intractable vomiting and hypertension and later developed a subacute onse...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389501000611
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal ultrasonographic evidence of intracranial mass lesions generally results in a diagnosis of primary glial or primitive neuroectodermal neoplasm. We describe two infants, one who was stillborn at 25 weeks' estimated gestational age and one term infant who was born live and died shortly after birth with large in...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389400900410
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite remarkable growth in the clinical neurology literature, there is little research on peer review and biomedical publication in neurology. Biomedical publication research encompasses every step of the research process, from the methodology to the publication of research findings. Some general medical journals ha...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0883073810374647
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by early-onset and slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, and peripheral neuropathy. Ocular apraxia is most prominent in the early stage of the disease, by contrast, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and cogniti...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0883073808314959
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is an increasingly recognized disorder with typical radiologic findings of bilateral gray- and white-matter abnormalities in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemispheres. The majority of patients with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome are adults, a...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/08830738060210060901
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present 12 cases of males with myalgia and cramps and a normal muscle strength examination. All the patients had muscle dystrophin values consistent with Becker muscular dystrophy. Five of the patients had a normal electromyogram, and five had normal light microscopic muscle biopsy results. Of particular note, four...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389601100105
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 14 & 6 Hz positive spike phenomenon is generally considered a normal variant finding. Our experience prompted this re-evaluation, which consisted of three parts: In children referred for sleep electroencephalograms (EEGs), 100 children with normal EEG and 100 with 14 & 6--the 14 & 6 correlated with behavior disord...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307388700200207
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three patients with Leigh's syndrome developed respiratory failure following general anesthesia. Although all three had respiratory symptoms prior to the anesthetic, the diagnosis was not suspected at the time of the procedure in two of the children. We reviewed the case notes of 16 other patients with Leigh's syndrom...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/088307389000500214
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We present the diagnostic and clinical course of the first multicenter case series of pediatric patients with autoimmune encephalitis associated with N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies. METHODS:Data from 2 university hospitals were retrospectively reviewed and records of 3 patients with autoimmu...
journal_title:Journal of child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1177/0883073819840448
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00