Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Smoking and consuming alcohol are both related to increased mortality risk. Their combined effects on cause-specific mortality were investigated in a prospective cohort study. METHODS:Participants were 5771 men aged 35-64, recruited during 1970-73 from various workplaces in Scotland. Data were obtained from a questionnaire and a screening examination. Causes of death were all cause, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, alcohol-related, respiratory and smoking-related cancer. Participants were divided into nine groups according to their smoking status (never, ex or current) and reported weekly drinking (none, 1-14 units and 15 or more). Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain relative rates of mortality, adjusted for age and other risk factors. RESULTS:In 30 years of follow-up, 3083 men (53.4%) died. Compared with never smokers who did not drink, men who both smoked and drank 15+ units/week had the highest all-cause mortality (relative rate = 2.71 (95% confidence interval 2.31-3.19)). Relative rates for CHD mortality were high for current smokers, with a possible protective effect of some alcohol consumption in never smokers. Stroke mortality increased with both smoking and alcohol consumption. Smoking affected respiratory mortality with little effect of alcohol. Adjusting for a wide range of confounders attenuated the relative rates but the effects of alcohol and smoking still remained. Premature mortality was particularly high in smokers who drank 15 or more units, with a quarter of the men not surviving to age 65. 30% of men with manual occupations both smoked and drank 15+ units/week compared with only 13% with non-manual ones. CONCLUSIONS:Smoking and drinking 15+ units/week was the riskiest behaviour for all causes of death.
journal_name
BMC Public Healthjournal_title
BMC public healthauthors
Hart CL,Davey Smith G,Gruer L,Watt GCdoi
10.1186/1471-2458-10-789subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-24 00:00:00pages
789issn
1471-2458pii
1471-2458-10-789journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:This section defined time use (TU) research, illustrating its relevance for public health. TUR in the health context is the study of health-enhancing and health-compromising behaviours that are assessed across a 24 h day. The central measurement is the use of Time Use Diaries, which capture 24-48 h, typicall...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6760-y
更新日期:2019-06-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Waterpipe smoking is becoming popular among western students. The aim was to understand the appeal to students of this form of smoking when other forms of smoking are becoming less common. METHODS:Waterpipe smokers were identified by snowball sampling and interviewed following a semi-structured schedule in ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-10
更新日期:2009-01-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking causes heart disease, the major cause of death in China and Hong Kong. Stress is one major trigger of smoking and relapse, and understanding stress among smoking cardiac patients can therefore help in designing effective interventions to motivate them to quit. The objective of this study was to exami...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-513
更新日期:2010-08-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While there are increasing data implicating poor recognition of physical inactivity as a potential barrier to healthy behaviour change, the efficacy of feedback to promote physical activity is uncertain. Using a randomised controlled trial nested within a population-based cohort study, we plan to test three ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-144
更新日期:2010-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Improving breastfeeding practice is important for reducing child health inequalities and achieving several Sustainable Development Goals. Indonesia has enacted legislation to promote optimal breastfeeding practices in recent years. We examined breastfeeding practices among Indonesian women from 2002 to 2017,...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09194-3
更新日期:2020-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries TB affects mostly immigrants in the productive age group. Little empirical information is available about direct and indirect TB-related costs that patients face in these high-income countries. We assessed the direct and indirect costs of immigrants with TB in the...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-283
更新日期:2009-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The link between long working hours and health has been extensively studied for decades. Despite global concern regarding metabolic syndrome, however, no studies to date have solely evaluated the relationship between long working hours and that syndrome. We therefore examined the association between long wor...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-395
更新日期:2012-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To improve retention in antiretroviral therapy (ART), lessons learned from chronic disease care were applied to HIV care, providing more responsibilities to patients in the care of their chronic disease. In Tete--Mozambique, patients stable on ART participate in the ART provision and peer support through Com...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-364
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Sweden. This study aims to assess the impact of a CVD intervention implemented in 1993 in northern Sweden on the reduction of premature ischemic heart disease (IHD) morbidity and mortality in women and men during the period 1987-201...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6514-x
更新日期:2019-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have evaluated health impacts, especially biomarker changes, following implementation of a new environmental policy. This study examined changes in water fluoride, urinary fluoride (UF), and bone metabolism indicators in children after supplying low fluoride public water in endemic fluorosis area...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-156
更新日期:2013-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of burnout in Kazakhstan firefighters with regard to position and to identify predictors of faster burnout in order to plan future preventive strategies. METHODS:Data on demographics, lifestyle, fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)), SF-8 health-related...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6643-2
更新日期:2019-03-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Knowledge and awareness concerning sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has become the burning issue of the day. Although STDs pose serious risks to health security, there is very little literature quantifying the knowledge and awareness of these diseases and their principal socioeconomic determinants. The a...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-775
更新日期:2014-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In spite of a growing economy, unemployment is still a severe socio-economic problem in Lithuania. Nonetheless, no studies have been performed about the associations between unemployment and mental health in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between unemployment duration and d...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-174
更新日期:2006-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Much of the food available from takeaways, pubs and restaurants particularly that sold by independent outlets, is unhealthy and its consumption is increasing. These food outlets are therefore important potential targets for interventions to improve diet and thus prevent diet related chronic diseases. Local a...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5096-3
更新日期:2018-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The study investigated whether perceived social support varied among children who have lost their parents to AIDS, those who have lost their parents to other causes, those who are living with HIV/AIDS-infected caregivers and children from intact families (comparison group). METHOD:This study employed cross-...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1856-5
更新日期:2015-06-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:China had 236 million internal migrants in 2012 and the majority of them migrated from rural to urban areas. The research based on medical and epidemical records found that the migrants had worse health than the urban residents, but the household and working place investigations reported better health status...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2074-x
更新日期:2015-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assuming a higher risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection in the population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in October of 1998 the TB Control Program of Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital (CFFH) routinely started to recommend a two-step tuberculin skin test (TST) in contacts of pulmonary TB cases in order to dist...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-38
更新日期:2007-03-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Data on the association between body self-perception and eating patterns among adolescents are scarce. This study assessed the association between body image and eating patterns among normal-weight, overweight and obese adolescents. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey (n = 1231; 12-17 years old) was carried ou...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1104
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The eye is well known to be sensitive to clearly high doses (>2 Gy) of ionizing radiation. In recent years, however, cataracts have been observed in populations exposed to lower doses. Interventional cardiologists are repeatedly and acutely exposed to scattered ionizing radiation (X-rays) during the diagnost...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-537
更新日期:2010-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking is a UK public health threat but GPs can be effective in helping patients to quit; consequently, the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) incentivises the recording of smoking status and delivery of cessation advice in patients' medical records. This study investigates the association between smoking...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-329
更新日期:2012-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since the Helsinki Declaration was introduced in 1964 as a code of practice for clinical research, it has generally been agreed that research governance is also needed in the field of public health and health promotion research. Recently, a range of factors led to the development of more stringent bureaucrat...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-396
更新日期:2008-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite widespread implementation of syndromic surveillance systems within public health agencies, previous studies of the implementation and use of these systems have indicated that the functions and responses taken in response to syndromic surveillance data vary widely according to local context and prefer...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4073-6
更新日期:2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiological research has long observed a varying prevalence of hypertension across socioeconomic strata. However, patterns of association and underlying causal mechanisms are poorly understood in sub-Saharan Africa. Using education and income as indicators, we investigated the extent to which socioeconom...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-414
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has frequently been compared between both healthy and obese children and healthy and chronically ill children; however, there is glaring lack of evidence regarding comparison of HRQoL in obese children with their counterparts with chronic diseases. Therefore, this study...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6239-2
更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We report the prevalence of recommended physical activity levels (RPALs) and examine the correlates of achieving RPALs in rural South Asian children and analyse its association with anthropometric outcomes. METHODS:This analysis on rural South Asian children aged 5-14 years (n = 564) is a part of the Chroni...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3353-x
更新日期:2016-08-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cultivation of tobacco raises concerns about detrimental health and social consequences for youth, but tobacco producing countries only highlight economic benefits. We compared sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of school-age youth who worked and did not work in tobacco farming and assessed ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8169-z
更新日期:2020-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sugira Muryango is a father-engaged early child development and violence-prevention home-visiting programme delivered by trained lay workers. This cluster-randomised trial evaluates whether families living in extreme poverty (Ubudehe 1, the poorest category in the Government of Rwanda's wealth ranking) who r...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08693-7
更新日期:2020-05-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A person's health literacy determines whether they are able to make appropriate health decisions and are able to follow treatment instructions. This is important because low health literacy is associated with mortality and extra costs to the healthcare system. Our aim was to describe the health literacy leve...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09727-w
更新日期:2020-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Second-hand smoke (SHS) in households remains a serious public health problem in Sri Lanka, partly due to a lack of voluntary prohibitions of tobacco smoking inside houses. Women are especially at risk of being exposed. Effective community based interventions to reduce the SHS in households targeting women i...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4820-8
更新日期:2017-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Influenza is a global health threat to older adults, and the influenza vaccine is the most effective approach to prevent influenza infection. However, influenza vaccination coverage among Chinese older adults is far less than in developed countries such as the United States (4.0% vs. 64.9%). This study aims ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10220-1
更新日期:2021-01-27 00:00:00