Abstract:
:In recent years there has been increasing attention to the appropriate interpretation of a clinical study. One special concern has been the difficulty inherent in interpreting studies that were not statistically significant: Was the sample size sufficient to detect a clinically important effect if, in fact, it existed? This concern is further complicated because readers may have differing opinions of what size effect is clinically important. A pair of sample size nomograms has been developed, using common levels of statistical significance, to assist in this interpretation. The nomograms are intended to provide the clinician with a handy and easy-to-use reference for ascertaining whether an apparently negative study has a sample size adequate to detect reliably any difference between treatment groups that the clinician believes is clinically important. Examples are provided to show these principles and the use of the nomograms in interpreting negative studies.
journal_name
Ann Intern Medjournal_title
Annals of internal medicineauthors
Young MJ,Bresnitz EA,Strom BLdoi
10.7326/0003-4819-99-2-248subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-08-01 00:00:00pages
248-51issue
2eissn
0003-4819issn
1539-3704journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Although weight loss improves risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, it is unclear whether intentional weight loss reduces mortality rates. OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationships among intention to lose weight, weight loss, and all-cause mortality. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study using a pr...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00007
更新日期:2003-03-04 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To review the radiofrequency ablation method, describe the technique, and discuss the indications, results, and limitations of its use in patients with cardiac tachyarrhythmias. DATA SOURCES:Peer-reviewed reports in the literature by clinical investigators who use radiofrequency catheter ablation as identified...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-6-199409150-00010
更新日期:1994-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Enlargement of the pituitary gland associated with primary hypothyroidism was observed in two patients. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration and the TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone were increased in both. Other pituitary function tests were subnormal in both patients, suggesting that a t...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-85-2-195
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings in a large group of patients with right-sided endocarditis and to determine whether any of these findings is predictive of prognosis. DESIGN:Retrospective survey of medical records to evaluate the course of hospitalization with follow-up on...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-7-560
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The safety of using inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate for the treatment of severe asthma during pregnancy was evaluated during 45 pregnancies in 40 women. Despite chronic administration of theophylline and, in some women, ephedrine, the asthma was so severe that corticosteroids were essential to prevent emergency ro...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-98-4-478
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) in primary pulmonary hypertension. DESIGN:Randomized trial with 8-week treatment periods and nonrandomized treatment for up to 18 months. SETTING:Four referral centers. PATIENTS:Sequential sample of 24 patient...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-112-7-485
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of patients having calcification within the sella turcica (pituitary stones) have been studied and followed up, one patient for 18 years. A detailed analysis of the radiographic findings and endocrinologic profiles of these two patients is presented. The rarity of bona fide pituitary stones and their benign ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-83-1-66
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term functional somatic syndrome has been applied to several related syndromes characterized more by symptoms, suffering, and disability than by consistently demonstrable tissue abnormality. These syndromes include multiple chemical sensitivity, the sick building syndrome, repetition stress injury, the side effect...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00016
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteremia caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria are usually due to Mycobacterium fortuitum or M. chelonei. Other rapidly growing mycobacteria generally are considered to be nonpathogenic. We report the case of a patient with bacteremia due to an unidentified, rapidly growing, scotochromogenic mycobacteria that was d...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-99-4-475
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent national recommendations have proposed that physicians should titrate lipid therapy to achieve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels less than 1.81 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) for patients at very high cardiovascular risk and less than 2.59 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL) for patients at high cardiovascular risk. To exam...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-7-200610030-00010
更新日期:2006-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 431 (30%) of 1460 patients with acute chest pain who had serial enzyme testing after admission to intensive or intermediate care units at three teaching and three community hospitals. The diagnosis was made within 12 hours of admission in 331 (77%) patients and within 24 hours in...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-181
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-three consecutive patients with inferior myocardial infarction were evaluated prospectively, by physical examination and right heart catheterization within 36 hours of the onset of symptoms, to determine whether physical findings can separate such patients into those with and without associated right ventricular...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-608
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of tests done in the year before elective surgery that might substitute for preoperative screening tests and to determine the frequency of test results that change from a normal value to a value likely to alter perioperative management. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort analysis of compu...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-969
更新日期:1990-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health care-associated infections from invasive medical devices in the intensive care unit (ICU) are a major threat to patient safety. Most published studies of ICU-acquired infections have come from industrialized western countries. In a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Nosocomial I...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00007
更新日期:2006-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Older adults with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have higher prevalence of functional impairments, including deficits in cognition, strength, and sensory domains, than their younger counterparts. Objective:To develop and evaluate the prognostic utility of a risk model for 6-month post-AMI mortality in ol...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M19-0974
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Five patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis developed a self-limited bullous dermatosis restricted to light exposed areas, primarily involving the dorsa of the hands. Porphyrin levels and phototesting were normal, but histologic sections of the bullae showed thickening of venu...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-480
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This issue provides a clinical overview of Clostridium difficile infection focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. Readers can complete the accompanying CME quiz for 1.5 credits. Only ACP members and individual subscribers can access the electronic features of In th...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-01004
更新日期:2010-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Combining endoscopic therapy and beta-blockers may improve outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices. PURPOSE:To assess whether a combination of endoscopic and drug therapy prevents overall and variceal rebleeding and improves survival better than either therapy alone. DATA SOURCE...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-00007
更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exercise rehabilitation programs increase treadmill walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication. However, it is unknown whether patients with PAD who walk for exercise regularly have less functional decline than those with less walking activity. OBJEC...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00005
更新日期:2006-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::The Residency Program in Social Medicine at Montefiore Medical Center is a collaborative, integrated training program for primary care pediatricians, internists, and family physicians within one interdisciplinary organization. Since 1970 we have trained more than 200 physicians, prepared them for board certification i...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-324
更新日期:1988-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two kindreds affected by maturity-onset type of hyperglycemia in young people were studied. The postglucose-load hyperglycemia segregated as an autosomal dominant trait; it was always mild, never requiring insulin, and generally seemed to start in the first two decades of life. Glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth h...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-5-595
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Menopausal hormone therapy to prevent chronic conditions is currently not recommended because of its adverse effects. PURPOSE:To update evidence about the effectiveness of hormone therapy in reducing risk for chronic conditions and adverse effects, and to examine whether outcomes vary among women in differe...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00466
更新日期:2012-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are anti-inflammatory but have been linked in some studies to Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between aspirin and NSAID use and incident CD and UC. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:Nurses'...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-5-201203060-00007
更新日期:2012-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::During a 4.4-year period, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis was seen in 41 of 110 (38%) patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and accounted for 32% (48/152) of all episodes of clinical pneumonitis. Diffuse alveolar damage was typically a feature of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, but neither lu...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-7
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Little is known about whether insurance expansion affects the location and type of emergency department (ED) use. Understanding these changes can inform state-level decisions about the Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Objective:To investigate the effect of the 2...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/M16-0086
更新日期:2017-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the use of L-tryptophan by patients with eosinophilic fasciitis and compare this with its use by patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). DESIGN:Retrospective and prospective analysis. Six patients with eosinophilic fasciitis were identified retrospectively and two prospectively....
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-112-10-758
更新日期:1990-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Injection insulin therapy is not readily accepted by patients and many health care providers; therefore, less invasive options for insulin therapy are desirable. PURPOSE:To examine the efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of inhaled insulin therapy in nonpregnant adults with diabetes mellitus. DATA ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-9-200611070-00009
更新日期:2006-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Much of what is formally taught in medicine is about the knowledge, skills, and behaviors required of a physician, including how to express compassion and respect for patients at the bedside. What is learned, however, includes not only admirable qualities but also behaviors and qualities that are inconsistent with eth...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M17-2058
更新日期:2018-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The sequelae during the first two decades after acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been well studied, but the outcome thereafter is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To conduct an extended study of the natural history of HCV infection by using archived serum specimens originally collected between 1948 and 1954. ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-2-200001180-00003
更新日期:2000-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::A severe shortage of organs greatly limits the ability to deliver the miracle of transplantation to people suffering from end-stage organ disease. Contributing to this shortage is a high rate of refusal among families who are asked for permission to remove organs from a recently deceased relative. Mandated choice offe...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00010
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00