Phosphotransfer profiling: systematic mapping of two-component signal transduction pathways and phosphorelays.

abstract：:Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables direct visualization of single-protein molecules in liquids at submolecular resolution. High-speed AFM further makes it possible to visualize dynamic biomolecular processes at subsecond resolution. However, dynamic imaging of biomolecular processes imposes various requirements on ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yamamoto D,Uchihashi T,Kodera N,Yamashita H,Nishikori S,Ogura T,Shibata M,Ando T

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of novel forms of O-linked glycosylation on epidermal growth factor and thrombospondin type 1 repeats, and their emerging functional significance, require the development of new methods for their analysis. This chapter describes detailed methods to analyze both the structure and the site of modifica...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Nita-Lazar A,Haltiwanger RS

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The characterization of microbial adhesins is greatly facilitated by the use of synthetic peptides. Synthetic peptides can be used to identify specific antigenic epitopes, to delineate receptor-binding domain of adhesins, and to facilitate the characterization of the adhesin, and they allow for a direct examination of...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lee KK,Wong WY,Sheth HB,Hodges RS,Paranchych W,Irvin RT

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past 19 years, we have developed a novel myxoma virus-derived anti-inflammatory serine protease inhibitor, termed a serpin, as a new class of immunomodulatory therapeutic. This review will describe the initial identification of viral serpins with anti-inflammatory potential, beginning with preclinical analysi...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Chen H,Zheng D,Davids J,Bartee MY,Dai E,Liu L,Petrov L,Macaulay C,Thoburn R,Sobel E,Moyer R,McFadden G,Lucas A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) primarily reside in bone marrow, are defined by their ability to maintain blood homeostasis, and replenish themselves through self-renewal. Although HSC purification schemes vary from laboratory to laboratory, the resulting cell populations are similar, if not the same. This chapter wil...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lin KK,Goodell MA

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligomerization is a frequently encountered physical characteristic of biological molecules that occurs for a wide number of transcription factors, ion channels, oxygen-carrying macromolecules such as hemocyanin and enzymes. On the other hand, unwanted protein oligomerization can lead to the formation of pathogenic st...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Barranco-Medina S,Dietz KJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to produce a full quantitative description of yeast metabolism, a number of kinetic parameters of enzymes that are important for energy metabolism must be determined experimentally. We aim to determine the prospective in vivo kinetic properties of a range of yeast-purified isoenzymes that are important in ene...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Messiha HL,Malys N,Carroll KM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) provides a sensitive and accurate means by which to study the thermodynamics of RNA folding, RNA binding to small molecules, and RNA-protein interactions. The advent of extremely sensitive instrumentation and the increasing availability of ITC in shared facilities have made it in...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Feig AL

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Precisely imaging and tracking dynamic biological processes in live cells are crucial for both fundamental research in life sciences and biomedical applications. Nonfluorescent nanoparticles are emerging as important optical probes in live-cell imaging because of their excellent photostability, large optical cross sec...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wang G,Fang N

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are negative regulators of T-cell immune function. Removal of these "brakes" in T cells results in increased activation of the immune system and controlling and eradicating tumor. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Nomura N,Nomura Y,Sato Y,Iwata S

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomes can be viewed in terms of their gene content and the order in which the genes appear along each chromosome. Evolutionary events that affect the gene order or content are "rare genomic events" (rarer than events that affect the composition of the nucleotide sequences) and have been advocated by systematists for...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Moret BM,Warnow T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia and inflammation are coincidental events in an array of diseased tissues, including chronically inflamed sites (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis), growing tumors, myocardial infarcts, atherosclerotic plaques, healing wounds, and sites of bacterial infection (Murdoch et al., 2005). An unde...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Cummins EP,Comerford KM,Scholz C,Bruning U,Taylor CT

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biominerals have complex and heterogeneous architectures, hence diffraction experiments with spatial resolutions between 500 nm and 10 μm are extremely useful to characterize them. X-ray beams in this size range are now routinely produced at many synchrotrons. This chapter provides a review of the different hard X-ray...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tamura N,Gilbert PU

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:EPR long-range distance measurements on spin-labeled macromolecules have recently become a popular tool in structural biology. The method can be used to obtain coarse-grained structures of biomolecules, to track conformational changes and dynamics, to dock macromolecular complexes, or to localize spin centers within m...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hagelueken G,Abdullin D,Schiemann O

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrins are large modular cell-surface receptors that regulate almost every aspect of cellular function through bidirectional signals transmitted across the lipid bilayer. Regulation of integrin activity is accomplished by complex and still incompletely understood biochemical pathways that modify integrin ligand bin...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Xiong JP,Goodman SL,Arnaout MA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular thiol/disulfide redox environments are highly regulated in healthy individuals and become oxidized in disease. This oxidation affects the function of cell surface receptors, ion channels, and structural proteins. Downstream signaling due to changes in extracellular redox potential can be studied using a ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Go YM,Jones DP

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin plays a vital role in regulating cellular processes that occur on the DNA. Modulation of chromatin structure is conducted through interactions with binding factors that direct critical actions such as posttranslational modifications, nucleosome remodeling, and incorporation of histone variants. Specific fact...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Winkler DD,Luger K,Hieb AR

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The methods described here concern the use specialized glassware to achieve accurate sub-micromolar to low-millimolar dioxygen concentrations specifically for the study of flavoproteins. Since the early 1960s, these methods have been passed through the lineage of flavin enzymologists almost exclusively as an oral trad...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Moran GR

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone acetylation is a dynamic epigenetic modification that functions in the regulation of DNA-templated reactions, such as transcription. This lysine modification is reversibly controlled by histone (lysine) acetyltransferases and deacetylases. Here, we present methods employing isotopic labeling and mass spectrome...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Fan J,Baeza J,Denu JM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter outlines the approaches and techniques that can be used to analyze the regulation of antibiotic production in streptomycetes. It describes how to isolate antibiotic nonproducing and overproducing mutants by UV, nitrosoguanidine (NTG), transposon, and insertion mutagenesis, and then how to use those mutant...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bibb M,Hesketh A

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate immune system provides host defense against a variety of threats, including microbial infection and cellular damage. Pattern recognition receptors identify both pathogen and damage associated molecular motifs associated with these events. Nucleic acid is one such danger signal that is detected by a set of c...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Antiochos B

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-dimensional (3D) cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction methods are uniquely able to reveal structures of many important macromolecules and macromolecular complexes. EMDataBank.org, a joint effort of the Protein Databank in Europe (PDBe), the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), and the N...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lawson CL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular protein degradation is one of the most precisely regulated processes in living cells. The main component of the degradation machinery is the 20S proteasome present in eukaryotes as well as in prokaryotes. We have developed successful purification protocols for the 20S proteasome in its native state using...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Groll M,Huber R

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Model building studies may be used to supplement structurally low resolution experimental data with detailed three-dimensional hypothetical atomic models. Because of the strong relation between structure and function in biological molecules such models may give a consistent, integral view of a wealth of experimental d...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： von Kitzing E

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) provides a sensitive and accurate means by which to study the thermodynamics of binding reactions. In addition, it enables label-free measurement of enzymatic reactions. The advent of extremely sensitive microcalorimeters have made it increasingly valuable as a tool for hit valid...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Recht MI,Nienaber V,Torres FE

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyloid aggregates are associated with a number of mammalian neurodegenerative diseases. Infectious aggregates of the mammalian prion protein PrP(sc) are hallmarks of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in humans and cattle (Griffith, 1967; Legname et al., 2004; Prusiner, 1982; Silveira et al., 2004). Likewise, ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bagriantsev SN,Kushnirov VV,Liebman SW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myoglobin has recently emerged as a versatile metalloprotein scaffold for the design of efficient and selective biocatalysts for abiological carbene transfer reactions, including asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions. Over the past few years, our group has explored several strategies to modulate the carbene transfer r...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Carminati DM,Moore EJ,Fasan R

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus ribonuclease III (Sa-RNase III) belongs to the enzyme family known to process double-stranded RNAs consisting of two turns of the RNA helix. Although the enzyme is thought to play a role in ribosomal RNA processing and gene regulation, the deletion of the rnc gene in S. aureus does not affect cel...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Chevalier C,Huntzinger E,Fechter P,Boisset S,Vandenesch F,Romby P,Geissmann T

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter provides the methodologies employed to study the polymorphism of human apoE. These and other related studies have advanced our understanding of the structure and function of this protein as follows: The complex array of human apoE observed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis results from genetic variat...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Zannis VI

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of serine/threonine kinases, plays an important role in apoptosis. Several members of the PKC family act as substrates for caspases. In addition, PKCs can also regulate caspase activation and cell death by apoptosis. The cleavage of PKCs separates the regulatory domain from the catalyt...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Basu A,Persaud SD,Sivaprasad U

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00