Abstract:
:1 In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, saxitoxin and, on a few occasions, tetrodotoxin were injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle or into the subarachnoid space of the lower brain stem. Observations were made on frequency and tidal volume of breathing, on CO(2) responsiveness and on electrical responsiveness of the respiratory centre. Effects on the blood pressure were observed simultaneously.2 A single large dose of toxin, e.g., 250 ng, produced within minutes apneustic breathing and a rise in blood pressure which were converted rapidly to respiratory failure and hypotension. In contrast, repeated small doses, e.g., 25 ng, yielded only progressive slowing of the respiration together with circulatory hypotension. Bulbar depression was produced as effectively by subarachnoid injection as by intraventricular injection of the toxins. Onset of action was detectable within seconds.3 Slowing of the respiration occurred independently of change in tidal volume and whether or not the vagus nerves were cut. The reduction in breathing frequency is attributed to direct toxin-induced depression of the central respiratory oscillator.4 Steady-state measurements of tidal volume at controlled levels of alveolar CO(2) pressure in intermediate stages of respiratory depression showed that the toxins produced an increase in CO(2) stimulation threshold as well as a reduction in gain of CO(2) responsiveness, whether or not the vagus nerves were cut. Carotid arterial chemoreceptor reactivity to O(2) was demonstrable when central sensitivity to CO(2) was depressed. These effects are attributed to a direct influence of the toxins upon the brainstem CO(2)-tidal volume controller.5 Responsiveness of the medullary inspiratory centre to electrical stimulation persisted after the failure of spontaneous breathing was caused by the toxins. Conversely, restitution of electrical responsiveness preceded the reappearance of spontaneous respiratory activity in the recovery phase of toxic depression. Circulatory effects paralleled the changes in respiratory behaviour.6 On the basis of the relatively prompt and discrete alterations in the central respiratory and circulatory control mechanisms produced by saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin placed in the cerebrospinal fluid, it is concluded that the agents rapidly penetrated to deep target loci in the lower brain stem.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Borison HL,McCarthy LEdoi
10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb07561.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-12-01 00:00:00pages
679-89issue
4eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. The effects of NS 1619, the putative BKCa channel opener, were investigated on rat intact portal veins and on single smooth muscle cells enzymatically separated from the same tissue. 2. Under whole-cell patch clamp conditions with K-rich pipettes, exposure of single cells held at -10 mV to NS 1619 (10-33 microM) in...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb17171.x
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of brevetoxin-B, a red tide toxin, on motor nerve terminal activity were assessed on mouse triangularis sterni nerve-muscle preparations. The perineural waveforms were recorded with extracellular electrodes placed in the perineural sheaths of motor nerves. 2. At 0.11 microM, brevetoxin-B increased the c...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12311.x
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Bradykinin has multiple effects on differentiated NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells: it increases Ins(1,4,5)P3 production and intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i evokes a Ca2+ activated K+ current (IK(Ca)) and inhibits M current (IM). We studied the effect of the aminosteroid U73122 and the antibiotic neom...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0700991
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Histamine contracted the tracheal and major bronchial muscles of sheep and relaxed the muscles of the lesser bronchi and bronchioles.2. The stimulant action of histamine on the trachea was antagonized by mepyramine, whereas the relaxant effect on the bronchial tree was not.3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine contracted the musc...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1969.tb07997.x
更新日期:1969-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Porcine neuromedin U-8 produced a concentration (0.3 nM-1 microM)-dependent contraction of the longitudinal muscle of the human isolated ileum, which was unaffected by either atropine (1 microM) or tetrodotoxin (1 microM). 2. By contrast, neuromedin U-8 had only a weak effect on the circular muscle of the human iso...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14675.x
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abstract::1. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), gepirone, buspirone and ipsapirone dose-dependently antagonized the head-shakes induced by 1-(2,5-dimethoxy 4-iodophenyl)-2-amino propane hydrochloride (DOI) (1.0 mg kg-1) in mice, when these agents were given i.p. 10 min beforehand. 2. para-Chlorophenylalanine (...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13727.x
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Piperazinylindoles (DPI 201-106, BDF 8784), drugs known to act on voltage-dependent Na(+)-channels, bind with very high affinity to a Ca2(+)-channel-associated phenylalkylamine receptor in Drosophila melanogaster head membranes. These compounds and (+)-tetrandrine, a naturally occurring Ca2(+)-antagonist, were the ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12193.x
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell motility and chemotaxis. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and membrane lipids, especially phosphoinositides PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are involved in the regulation of this reorganization. At least 15 ABPs have been reported to interact with, or reg...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiovascular effects of doxazosin, a quinazoline derivative related to prasozin were investigated and compared to prazosin in the rabbit. Radioligand binding studies using rabbit cerebral membranes showed that both doxazosin and prazosin were roughly equipotent at displacing [3H]-prazosin from specific binding s...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1985.tb09437.x
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Halothane has many effects on the resting membrane potential (V(m)) of excitable cells and exerts numerous effects on skeletal muscle one of which is the enhancement of Ca(2+) release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) resulting in a sustained contracture. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of clinical d...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703330
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:An influx drug/proton antiporter of unknown structure has been functionally demonstrated at the blood-brain barrier. This transporter, which handles some psychoactive drugs like diphenhydramine, clonidine, oxycodone, nicotine and cocaine, could represent a new pharmacological target in drug addic...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bph.13258
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibro-proliferative disorder refractory to current therapy commonly complicated by the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH); the associated morbidity and mortality are substantial. Natriuretic peptides possess vasodilator and anti-fibroti...
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abstract::1. The effects of bretylium have been investigated on the content and sub-cellular distribution of noradrenaline in cat spleen and on the overflow of noradrenaline in response to stimulation of the splenic nerve.2. Bretylium, 15 min after its administration, produces a significant depletion of noradrenaline in only th...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09887.x
更新日期:1970-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Using an innovative chemical approach, peptide welding technology (PWT), a tetrabranched derivative of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) has been generated and pharmacologically characterized. Both in vitro and in vivo PWT2-N/OFQ displayed the same pharmacological profile to the natural ligand. It w...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bph.13150
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The influence of dopamine receptor agonists on gastric acid secretion stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in the perfused stomach of anaesthetized rats. 2 Intraventricular TRH produced a dose-dependent stimulation of basal gastric acid secretion. 3 Pretreatment with apomorphine, bromocripti...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb10524.x
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15700.x
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb08515.x
更新日期:1970-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of intravenous administration of two alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) antagonists were studied on responses of single neurones to iontophoretically applied excitatory amino acids. The tests were performed on spinal neurones in alpha-chloralose anaesthetized, spinalized rat...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13156.x
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb10332.x
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The pulmonary vasculature is constantly exposed to oxygen and reactive oxygen species such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anions which can combine at a near diffusion limited rate, to form the powerful, oxidant, peroxynitrite (ONOO-). When formed in large amounts, ONOO- is thought to contribute to tissue injur...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701162
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701552
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb14976.x
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Several amino-acid esters and amides have been prepared and their toxicological and pharmacological properties have been investigated. Some of the quaternary esters and amides were lethal to mice at doses below 1 mg/kg; this lethality was usually associated with high nicotinic activity. None of the compounds showed...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb07056.x
更新日期:1968-10-01 00:00:00