Abstract:
:For years patients hospitalized with viral hepatitis have been placed in two categories of isolation--enteric precautions and blood precautions. This strategy was based on the inability to differentiate between hepatitis A and B and on the assumption that feces and blood from patients with either type might be infective. It is now known that patients with hepatitis A do not pose a problem of disease transmission through direct contact with blood, and although blood of patients with hepatitis B may be infective, the virus is not transmitted via feces. The enteric route is the principal mode of transmission for hepatitis A, but maximal levels of hepatitis A virus excretion occur before the onset of jaundice. Non-A, non-B hepatitis is similar epidemiologically to hepatitis B. Thus, the major thrust for caring for patients hospitalized with viral hepatitis is toward blood precautions; the same precautions used when handling feces, urine, and excretions from all other hospitalized patients are appropriate for patients admitted with a diagnosis of hepatitis A.
journal_name
Ann Intern Medjournal_title
Annals of internal medicineauthors
Favero MS,Maynard JE,Leger RT,Graham DR,Dixon REdoi
10.7326/0003-4819-91-6-872subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-12-01 00:00:00pages
872-6issue
6eissn
0003-4819issn
1539-3704journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the accuracy of Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum polysaccharide antigen testing for the identification of histoplasmosis relapse in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). DESIGN:A retrospective study using stored specimens. SETTING:A referral center and several priva...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-115-12-936
更新日期:1991-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of a resistance-training program on walking endurance in a healthy, community-dwelling elderly population. DESIGN:12- week randomized, controlled trial comparing a resistance- training group with a nonexercising control group. SETTING:Hospital-affiliated outpatient exercise facility....
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-6-199603150-00005
更新日期:1996-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of the presence of a patent foramen ovale on the right-to-left shunt in patients with respiratory failure who receive positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). DESIGN:Convenience sample with randomized application of PEEP. SETTING:General intensive care unit of a university teaching h...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00004
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simulation is a versatile technique used in a variety of health care settings for a variety of purposes, but the extent to which simulation may improve patient safety remains unknown. This systematic review examined evidence on the effects of simulation techniques on patient safety outcomes. PubMed and the Cochrane Li...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00010
更新日期:2013-03-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Valid measurement of physician performance requires accurate identification of patients for whom a physician is responsible. Among all patients seen by a physician, some will be more strongly connected to their physician than others, but the effect of connectedness on measures of physician performance is not...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-5-200903030-00008
更新日期:2009-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Aspects of phosphate biochemistry pertinent to therapy, the distribution of phosphorus in body compartments, therapeutic phosphorus preparations, prevention of hypophosphatemia, therapeutic guidelines, and side-effects of phosphorus therapy are reviewed. Severe hypophosphatemia (less than 0.32 mmol/litre or less than ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-89-6-941
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-three consecutive patients with inferior myocardial infarction were evaluated prospectively, by physical examination and right heart catheterization within 36 hours of the onset of symptoms, to determine whether physical findings can separate such patients into those with and without associated right ventricular...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-608
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-five consecutive patients with advanced recurrent Hodgkin's disease resistant to MOPP chemotherapy (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) were given ABVD chemotherapy (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine). In 54 patients evaluable for response, complete remission after path...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-96-2-139
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Estimates of risk for radiation-induced breast cancer from mammography screening have not considered variation in dose exposure or diagnostic work-up after abnormal screening results. OBJECTIVE:To estimate distributions of radiation-induced breast cancer incidence and mortality from digital mammography scre...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M15-1241
更新日期:2016-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A sensitive and acceptable screening regimen for women at high risk for breast cancer is essential. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is highly sensitive for diagnosis of breast cancer but has variable specificity. PURPOSE:To summarize the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-9-200805060-00007
更新日期:2008-05-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The risk for hypertension after kidney donation remains uncertain. PURPOSE:To see whether normotensive adults who donate a kidney develop higher blood pressure and risk for hypertension compared with nondonor adults acting as control participants. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index we...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-3-200608010-00006
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1978 the Institute of Medicine issued "A Manpower Policy for Health Care," the report of a study of major issues bearing on the availability of an adequate number of physicians for provision of primary care and on potential strategies for an appropriate manpower policy. The report was analyzed by committees of the ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-843
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:SOURCE CITATION:Mahady SE, Margolis KL, Chan A, et al. Major GI bleeding in older persons using aspirin: incidence and risk factors in the ASPREE randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2020. [Epub ahead of print.] 32747412. ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/ACPJ202101190-004
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during tuberculosis (TB) treatment remains challenging. PURPOSE:To assess evidence from randomized, controlled trials of the timing of ART initiation in HIV-infected adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB. DATA SOURCES:PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register o...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.7326/M14-2979
更新日期:2015-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::We performed immunohistopathologic studies on biopsied lung tissue obtained from two patients with lupus pneumonitis using immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, electron microscopy, and acid-microelution. In both patients, immunofluorescence showed granular deposits of IgG, the third component of complement (C3), and ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-91-1-30
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether protruding atheromas in the thoracic aorta are a risk factor for systemic embolization. DESIGN:Case-control study. SETTING:A referral hospital. PATIENTS:A total of 122 patients with a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral emboli and an equal number of age- and sex...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-423
更新日期:1991-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The optimum duration of anticoagulant therapy after an episode of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is controversial. Contributing to the controversy is uncertainty about whether residual venous thrombosis, as assessed by repeated ultrasonography over time, increases the risk for recurrent thromboembolism. OBJEC...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00008
更新日期:2002-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early prenatal care is vital for improving maternal health outcomes and health behaviors, but medically vulnerable and underserved populations are less likely to begin prenatal care in the first trimester. In 2017, the Health Center Program provided safety-net care to more than 27 million persons, including ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M19-3248
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a 6-month period in 1983, Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from 19 (15%) of 125 patients with grossly bloody diarrhea and 1 sibling with non-bloody diarrhea in the Calgary area. There was no clustering of the cases geographically or in time. All but 1 had clinical manifestations typical of hemorrhagic coli...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-738
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the relation of obesity and weight loss to the formation of gallstones according to pertinent clinical and research issues. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION:Original reports obtained through a MEDLINE search from 1966 to 1992 on gallstones plus obesity or reducing diets, supplemented by a manual search...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00010
更新日期:1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Large-scale, epidemic transmission of tuberculosis to patients, nonprofessional staff, nurses, and physicians has been documented recently in hospitals, clinics, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) residencies, and correctional facilities. Prominent factors in these outbreaks have included human immunodeficiency...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-3-251
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein S activity may be compromised in patients with the nephrotic syndrome and contribute to a thrombotic diathesis. Protein S is found in two forms in plasma as free and functionally active protein S, and complexed to C4b-binding protein. When compared with controls, patients with nephrotic syndrome had reduced fu...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-42
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Understanding the risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia can help to assess prognosis and devise and test preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE:To examine the baseline and time-dependent risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia and to determine the conditional probability and cumulative risk ov...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00002
更新日期:1998-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::For the diagnosis of M7, the bone marrow aspirate shows a leukemic cell infiltrate that comprises 30% or more of all cells. These cells are identified as being of megakaryocyte lineage by the platelet peroxidase reaction on electron microscopy or by tests with monoclonal or polyclonal platelet-specific antibodies. Mye...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-460
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) brain scanning in alcoholic patients with withdrawal seizures (n = 151) and other neurologic problems (n = 87) and compared the findings of a detailed neurologic examination to the results of CT scanning. In patients with seizures, nearly 50% of CT scans were nor...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-94-4-519
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe aplastic anemia is a life-threatening bone marrow failure disorder. High-dose cyclophosphamide therapy followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation cures the disease. However, it requires a suitable donor and carries the risk for graft-versus-host disease. A small pilot study demonstrated that h...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-7-200110020-00006
更新日期:2001-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:It is currently unknown whether intensive insulin treatment of diabetes decreases the risk for cardiovascular complications by lowering glucose levels or increases the risk by postulated direct atherogenic effects. This article reviews published data from two long-term, randomized clinical trials that compared ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_part_2-199601011-00005
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some health plans profile physicians on the basis of their relative costs and use these profiles to assign physicians to cost categories. Physician organizations have questioned whether the rules used to attribute costs to a physician affect the cost category to which that physician is assigned. OBJECTIVE:T...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-00005
更新日期:2010-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::Forty patients with systemic lupus erythematosus randomly received inactivated bivalent (A/NJ and A/Victoria) influenza vaccine or saline in a double-blind study. During 20 weeks of follow-up, no deterioration in major organ function or increase in disease flares was observed in the immunized group as compared with th...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-6-729
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discovery of the factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations has greatly increased the percentage of patients in whom venous thrombosis can be attributed to hereditary thrombophilia. The first step in the diagnostic approach to all patients with venous thrombosis consists of a careful history and physical examin...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-5-200109040-00013
更新日期:2001-09-04 00:00:00