Abstract:
:Conventional diagnostic tests for tuberculosis have several limitations and are often unhelpful in establishing the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Although commercial serological antibody based tests are available, their usefulness in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is unknown. A systematic review was conducted to assess the accuracy of commercial serological antibody detection tests for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In a comprehensive search, 21 studies that reported data on sensitivity and specificity for extrapulmonary tuberculosis were identified. These studies evaluated seven different commercial tests, with Anda-TB IgG accounting for 48% of the studies. The results showed that (1) all commercial tests provided highly variable estimates of sensitivity (range 0.00-1.00) and specificity (range 0.59-1.00) for all extrapulmonary sites combined; (2) the Anda-TB IgG kit showed highly variable sensitivity (range 0.26-1.00) and specificity (range 0.59-1.00) for all extrapulmonary sites combined; (3) for all tests combined, sensitivity estimates for both lymph node tuberculosis (range 0.23-1.00) and pleural tuberculosis (range 0.26-0.59) were poor and inconsistent; and (4) there were no data to determine the accuracy of the tests in children or in patients with HIV infection, the two groups for which the test would be most useful. At present, commercial antibody detection tests for extrapulmonary tuberculosis have no role in clinical care or case detection.
journal_name
Postgrad Med Jjournal_title
Postgraduate medical journalauthors
Steingart KR,Henry M,Laal S,Hopewell PC,Ramsay A,Menzies D,Cunningham J,Weldingh K,Pai Mdoi
10.1136/thx.2006.075754subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-01 00:00:00pages
705-12issue
985eissn
0032-5473issn
1469-0756pii
83/985/705journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Herniation of a thoracic disc in an acromegalic giant is reported. Degenerative changes in the spine in association with dorsal kyphosis, and the additional strain, resulted in the disc prolapse. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.65.765.491
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscarinic receptors are present on several different cells in lung and are predominantly involved in bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. Muscarinic receptor activation leads to breakdown of phosphoinositides in airway smooth muscle cell membranes, which leads to intracellular calcium release and contraction. Mus...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a highly prevalent disease and is recognised as a major public health burden. Large-scale epidemiological studies have demonstrated an independent relationship between OSAS and various cardiovascular disorders. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in OSAS is not ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/thx.2008.105577
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of severe hypercalcaemia associated with a non-secretory multiple myeloma in the absence of skeletal deposits is described. The importance of considering this condition in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia in the elderly is discussed. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.64.752.438
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::By comparison with other calcium antagonist drugs, amlodipine has unique pharmacokinetic properties that are probably attributable to its chemical structure and positive ionic charge at physiological pH. Thus, amlodipine undergoes gradual absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract and is widely distributed throughout...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether exocrine pancreatic function is impaired in patients with coeliac disease (CD) in our population and to evaluate its clinical importance. METHODS:Pancreatic exocrine function was determined by measuring faecal elastase-1 (FE) concentration. CD was diagnosed by serological testing using ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133262
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central venous catheterization is not without hazard. Inadvertent placement in the pleural space can occur without the development of a pneumothorax and pressure measurements may appear misleadingly normal. This case report illustrates an effective method of diagnosing and draining an iatrogenic hydrothorax which resu...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.66.778.672
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The monocyte function, as measured by phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans and Candida pseudotropicalis by peripheral blood monocytes, was found impaired in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver on two separate determinations before the occurrence of bleeding from oesophageal varices. Unexpectedly, Hodgkin's d...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.60.705.482
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-invasive assessment of coronary artery patency has been attempted with different imaging modalities over the last few decades. The continuous motion of the heart, the respiratory movement, together with the small and tortuous nature of the coronary arteries, made this a technically challenging task. Over the last ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2009.093815
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The survival of whites who have been treated for pernicious anaemia (PA) is unaffected, apart from incurring a greater risk of gastric cancers. The long term outcome of PA in Chinese is unknown. METHODS:A hospital based prospective longitudinal study of Chinese PA patients was conducted. Patients with known...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.067421
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of clinical governance in New Zealand has been pivotal to the country's health policy since 2009. Some of the key findings from one component of a national assessment project, which involved interviews with health professionals and managers at 19 of the country's 20 district health boards, are reviewed...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,评审
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131198
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A young man developed acute renal failure and hypercalcaemia following severe burns. The hypercalcaemia was initially controlled by haemodialysis, but it persisted after return of renal function. Plasma PTH was inappropriately elevated, but the nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate level was low; thus the PTH wa...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.727.395
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a hereditary, idiopathic, generalised epilepsy and is found in 5%-11% of patients with epilepsy. It is characterised by myoclonic jerks, occasional generalised tonic-clonic seizures, and sometimes absence seizures. JME continues to be under-appreciated and under-diagnosed. Accurate...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.79.928.78
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is common, but it is rarely life-threatening. A case is reported in a previously healthy adult whose illness was severe enough to require treatment with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for 14 days and which resolved after treatment with corticosteroids. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.56.659.675
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Essential Skills in the Management of Surgical Cases (ESMSC) is a novel 3-day international undergraduate surgical masterclass. Its current curriculum (Cores integrated for Research-Ci4R) is built on a tetracore, multiclustered architecture combining high-fidelity and low-fidelity simulation-based learning (...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135479
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with disseminated ovarian carcinoma presented with symptoms of hypocalcaemia secondary to hypomagnesaemia. The low serum magnesium (0.4 mmol/l) appeared to be due to renal leakage with no evidence of ureteric obstruction or hydronephrosis on intravenous urogram. Parathyroid hormone activity (serum levels and...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.813.583
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The abnormalities of erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes and coagulation that have been reported, particularly in more recent years, to be associated with hyperthyroidism are surveyed. Several areas are highlighted where further investigations could lead to clinically useful insights, improved information about the...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.64.756.735
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This short overview discusses circadian rhythms observed in cardiovascular events such as myocardial ischaemia and myocardial infarction, which occur most frequently in the morning. Changes in the frequency of occurrence seem to be related to, and may result from, circadian rhythms in factors such as heart rate, blood...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coagulation problems in pregnancy are primarily associated with overactivity of the intrinsic clotting system. This accounts for the increased incidence of thrombo-embolism during pregnancy. Where specific obstetric complications cause clotting problems the common underlying feature is usually placental pathology as i...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.55.643.367
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Women's participation in medicine has increased dramatically during the last 50 years, yet Office for National Statistics data (2016) regarding annual pay continue to show an unequivocal 34% deficit in female doctors' remuneration compared with their male counterparts. This study aimed to identify whether ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135437
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Balkan context education in general practice varies greatly and it is in different stages of reorganisation and curriculum development. The postgraduate training in family medicine in Albania started in January 1997 with the goal of providing future family doctors with the proper knowledge, skills, attitudes, a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pmj.78.919.308
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Two questions were addressed: (1) How much physical activity do patients with diabetes perform? (2) What are the perceived factors that prevent patients from doing more physical activity? RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Interview based questionnaires were distributed to consecutive patients attending the Diabetes ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2003.010553
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An 8 month old Caucasian girl, with congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's Curse), was discharged with her home ventilation managed by her parents. Her subsequent neurophysical development assessed at 22 months of age was satisfactory. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.67.787.471
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important terminal pathway for cells of multicellular organisms, and is involved in a variety of biological events that include morphogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and elimination of harmful cells. Dysfunction of PCD leads to various diseases in humans, especially variou...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2008.072629
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 28 year old female patient with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal adenoma also suffered from recurrent urinary infections (proteus), tonsillitis (streptococcus), permanent candidiasis and perimandibular abscess (Staphylococcus pyogenes). Suppression of cellular and humoral immunity was confirmed by in vitro tests...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.729.657
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 19-year-old girl developed generalised anhidrosis following typhoid fever. Elaborate investigations disclosed nothing abnormal. A skin biopsy revealed the presence of atrophic as well as normal eccrine glands. This appears to be the third case of its kind in the English literature. It is postulated that typhoid feve...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.71.837.435
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital heart disease is now more prevalent than acquired in pregnancy in the developed world. In pregnancy the fall in systemic vascular resistance and increase in blood volume and cardiac output can cause functional deterioration in certain conditions. A minimally symptomatic woman with good ventricular function,...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.026625
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of mortality among young athletes with an incidence of 1-2 per 100,000 athletes per annum. It is described as 'an event that is non-traumatic, non-violent, unexpected, and resulting from sudden cardiac arrest within six hours of previously witnessed normal health'. Most predis...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2011-130215
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient is described who developed mild hyponatraemia on two occasions when treated with bendrofluazide alone, but severe hyponatraemia when treated with the combination of enalapril and bendrofluazide. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.746.1105
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the evidence for a reduced risk of acute coronary events following comprehensive smoke-free legislation. METHODS:Two independent systematic reviews were undertaken using PubMed, Embase and Science Direct with no date restrictions imposed. Meta-analysis was undertaken using a random effects model to...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2010.199026rep
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00