Functional neuroanatomy of lexical processing in children with cleft lip and palate.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Patients with palatal clefts are predisposed to developing speech and language abnormalities. Emerging evidence indicates that children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate have higher rates of learning disabilities than the general population and differences in brain morphology. METHODS:Magnetic resonance imaging of 12 individuals with isolated unilateral complete clefts of the lip and palate produced functional images during three lexical processing tasks: generation of verbs, opposites, and rhymes. Direct statistical comparisons were made between subjects with cleft lip and palate and controls (matched for age and performance) from an extant data set, both as a group and individually. RESULTS:Two types of differences were found. Compared with unaffected controls, subjects with clefts showed a delayed and elongated blood oxygen level-dependent response in regions found throughout the cerebrum, including in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, right precuneus, and right temporal gyrus. A right middle frontal gyrus region was activated by these tasks in controls but not in subjects with clefts. Developmental analysis showed that subjects 14.5 years and older (n = 5) had a larger number of age-related regions differing in blood oxygen level-dependent response from controls than did younger subjects (n = 7). Single-patient analysis demonstrated substantial individual variability. CONCLUSIONS:Children with cleft lip and palate, performing lexical processing tasks at a comparable level of proficiency, use a similar but nonidentical functional neuroanatomy than peers without clefts. Differing neural circuitry for language tasks and differing developmental trajectories could help explain the predisposition to velopharyngeal dysfunction and learning disabilities in this population.

journal_name

Plast Reconstr Surg

authors

Becker DB,Coalson RS,Sachanandani NS,Fair D,Lugar HM,Kirchner LE,Schlaggar BL,Kane AA

doi

10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181881f54

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-11-01 00:00:00

pages

1371-1382

issue

5

eissn

0032-1052

issn

1529-4242

pii

00006534-200811000-00009

journal_volume

122

pub_type

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