Abstract：
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:History, unlike one may imagine, is not something unchangeable and limited to the past. It is adapted according to conveniences of one or other ruling social class. Deliberately or accidentally hidden information, when unveiled may change current concepts, so far taken for granted. So, history, as any other science, is not totally impartial; it suffers influences and interferences of political, religious, economic and cultural thinking. The same is true for anesthesia. Some questions remain unanswered: Why did it take so long for the civilization to control pain? Who did in fact discover Anesthesia? How was the world when Anesthesia was officially discovered? To discuss such questions it is necessary to go back to the History of Anesthesia. CONTENTS:This paper addresses the surgical act, pain and anesthesia from the Hellenic culture to the first officially recognized anesthesia, often emphasizing forgotten names and historical peculiarities which have benefited or harmed one or other discoverer. It also focuses on values, culture and scientific developments of the 19th century, correlating them to events that marked the dawning of anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS:It would be unfair to attribute the merit of discovering anesthesia to a single person. Historical peculiarities that benefited or harmed one or other researcher cannot be forgotten. Morton was undoubtedly the most favored by the circumstances. He lived in a privileged time and place and has met the most adequate people to his intent. However there is still a question. After all, who is the most important: the father of the idea or who disclosed it? The answer will certainly remain in the field of subjectivity.
journal_name
Rev Bras Anestesioljournal_title
Revista brasileira de anestesiologiaauthors
Maia RI,Fernandes CRdoi
10.1590/s0034-70942002000600015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-01 00:00:00pages
774-82issue
6eissn
0034-7094issn
1806-907Xpii
S0034-70942002000600015journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:In Brazil, the use of information systems that allows filling out anesthesia reports automatically is still in its initial stages. The objective of this study was to validate an automated anesthesia record. METHODS:This study was approved by the Ethics Commission of the institution; an indust...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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abstract：:Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α-2 agonist which has recently revolutionized our anesthesia and intensive care practice. An obstetric patient presented for emergency cesarean delivery under general anesthesia, with pre-eclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage. In carefully selected cases with refractory hypertension...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Postanesthetic Delirium (PAD) is a common acute mental disorder most commonly developed in elderly patients. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood and PAD is often confused with others psychiatric disorders. This study aimed at reviewing important features of this anesthetic complication in...
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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abstract：:Post-operative pain management is a significant problem in clinical practice in Latin America. Insufficient or inappropriate pain management is in large part due to insufficient knowledge, attitudes and education, and poor communications at various levels. In addition, the lack of awareness of the availability and imp...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Shivering is a cause of discomfort and dissatisfaction in patients undergoing cesarean section. The objective of this study paper was to assess the impact of intrathecal administration of sufentanil on the incidence of shivering after cesarean section. METHOD:In a prospective blinded, randomi...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The i-gel™ is one of the second generation supraglottic airway devices. Our study was designed to compare the i-gel and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic™ with respect to the clinical performance. METHODS:We compared the performance of the i-gel with that of the Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic in 120 patients un...
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doi：10.1016/j.bjan.2014.02.009
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abstract：BACKGROUND:The role of type I thyroplasty (TIP) is well established as the treatment for glottal insufficiency due to vocal fold paralysis, but the ideal anesthetic management for this procedure is still largely debated. We present the case of a novel anesthetic approach for TIP using combined intermediate and superfic...
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doi：10.1016/j.bjan.2020.08.002
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abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:It is known that acute postoperative pain has a major influence on surgical patients recovery. Early movements, shorter hospital stay, lower costs and higher satisfaction are results of adequate pain management. There is a world trend toward specialized postoperative pain management services. ...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1590/s0034-70942003000600012
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Tracheobronchial tree injuries are uncommon however severe complications after intubation or bronchoscopy. This report aimed at calling the attention to the difficult selective intubation, which has led to bronchial rupture associated to pneumomediastinum and hypertensive pneumothorax, with ai...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1590/s0034-70942005000600009
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bjan.2020.03.003
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Deep analgesia of burned patients needing daily care of their injuries is a field where references are very scarce in the literature. This study aimed at evaluating balneotherapy anesthetic technique in 2852 procedures. METHODS:A one-year period prospective evaluation was performed on sedativ...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1590/s0034-70942004000200010
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1590/s0034-70942002000500010
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Intracranial subdural hematoma is a rare complication following spinal anesthesia. The diagnosis is usually difficult because initial symptoms are the same of post-dural puncture headache. The objective was to report a case of early diagnosed subdural hematoma after spinal anesthesia performed...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0034-7094(12)70107-1
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve blocks performed with the ultrasound guided and the anatomical landmark techniques for postoperative pain management in cases of adult inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHODS:40 patients, ASA I-II status were randomized into ...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Anesthesia and surgery often promote significant temperature changes. Hypothermia during anesthesia is the most common perioperative thermal disorder. This report describes an unusual body heat balance change associated to spinal morphine. CASE REPORT:Female patient, 44 years old, physical st...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The perioperative cardiac arrest (CA) and mortality rates in Brazil, a developing country, are higher than in developed countries. The hypothesis of this review was that knowledge of the epidemiology of perioperative CA and mortality in Brazil enables the comparison with developed countries. T...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Complications of pregnant patients with medullary injury include urinary infection, renal stones, anemia, decubitus ulcers, muscle spasms, sepsis, uterine hyperactivity and autonomic hyperreflexia. Autonomic hyperreflexia is the most severe anesthetic complication and should, before all, be pr...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1590/s0034-70942003000400007
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Anesthesiologists have traditionally developed and mastered regional anesthetic techniques over the years. To help treating chronic pain, they need to transfer acquired know-how in addition to surgical indications, recommending procedures at the right time in a multidisciplinary approach. This...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1590/s0034-70942003000500013
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Temporal cycles (dark/light; birth/death; etc.), along with environmental conditions (synchronizers), influence labor physiology because of the presence of endogenous clocks (oscillators) that interact with social diuturnal clues. In this review, the most important cyclic anesthetic-obstetric ...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist used in anesthesia for its hypnoanalgesic and cardiovascular effects. Stimulation of alpha2-adrenoceptors may determine pro and anti-platelet aggregation effects through direct and indirect mechanisms. This study aimed at determ...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1590/s0034-70942003000600002
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Classical central venous techniques are based on superficial anatomical references and the knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the area to be punctured. The ultrasound allows direct vision of vascular and perivascular structures, and the needle during the procedure. The objective of this repo...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1590/s0034-70942008000400011
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Through the Life Cycle of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (ETTI/SBA) the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology, together with the Department of Cardiovascular Image of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DIC/SBC), createded a task force to standardize the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardio...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 共识发展会议,杂志文章,实务指引
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally-acting synthetic opioid analgesic binding to specific opioid receptors. It is used in the management of chronic pain and is recommended as first line drug in the treatment of postoperative or orthopedic injury induced acute pain. The present work is design...
journal_title：Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bjan.2016.10.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
