Abstract:
:The Maillard reaction was discovered in 1912 by Louis C. Maillard when he observed the browning phenomena with aroma formation in a heated solution containing a sugar and an amino acid. The Maillard reaction starts from the reactions between carbonyl groups of various sugars and amino groups of amino acids/ proteins, following the formation of intermediate compounds or poly-carbonyl compounds, which further react with each other and amino acids/proteins. Through various chemical reactions such as condensation, polymerization, degradation, cyclization etc., color and aroma are formed. The imparting of brown color is mainly attributed to melanoidins. However, the chemical structure of melanoidins remains unclear because melanoidins are complex and heterogeneous polymers. On the other hand, various kinds of low-molecular-weight pigments formed through the Maillard reaction have been isolated and their structures have been identified. Even though the contribution of each pigment is small, the recognition of color is cumulative. In some case, these pigments form brown polymers or significantly contribute to the total color of a model solution. These chemically clear information gives us a novel aspect for an overview of browning or pigmentation through the Maillard reaction. Graphical abstract.
journal_name
Glycoconj Jjournal_title
Glycoconjugate journalauthors
Murata Mdoi
10.1007/s10719-020-09943-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-10 00:00:00eissn
0282-0080issn
1573-4986pii
10.1007/s10719-020-09943-xpub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Using a focused glycan-gene microarray, we compared the glycosyltransferase (GT) and sulfotransferase gene expression profiles of human monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mphis), isolated or differentiated from the same donors. Microarray analysis indicated that monocytes express transcripts for a full ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-009-9244-y
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infectious disease, commonly caused by bacterial pathogens, is now the world's leading cause of premature death and third overall cause behind cardiovascular disease and cancer. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), caused by E. coli bacteria, is a very common bacterial infection, a majority in women (85%) and may result in ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-004-5539-1
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galectins are animal lectins that can specifically bind beta-galactosides. Thirteen galectins have already been described. This review focuses on a specific member of this family: galectin-8. This galectin was discovered in prostate cancer cells eight years ago and has been studied extensively in the last few years. T...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014086.38343.98
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteoglycans contain a unique carbohydrate component, glycosaminoglycan, which consists of repeating, typically sulfated disaccharides, and is capable of interacting with diverse molecules. Specific, clustered arrangements of sulfate on the glycosaminoglycan backbone form binding sites for many biologically important...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-008-9138-4
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, a novel water soluble polysaccharide (named GFP-4) was extracted from Grifola frondosa at 4 oC, and its preliminary structure and inhibitory effects on human gastric carcinoma MKN-45 cells through the Fas/FasL death receptor apoptosis pathway were investigated. High-performance gel permeation chromatogr...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-020-09932-0
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rotaviruses are the leading cause of childhood diarrhea. The entry of rotaviruses into the host cell is a complex process that includes several interactions of the outer layer proteins of the virus with different cell surface molecules. The fact that neuraminidase treatment of the cells, or preincubation of the virus ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10719-006-5435-y
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potato lectin (Solanum tuberosum agglutinin, STA) is an unusual glycoprotein containing approximately 50% carbohydrates by weight. Of the total carbohydrates, 92% is contributed by L: -arabinose, which are O-linked to hydroxyproline residues. The ferric chloride-orcinol assay (Bial's test), which is specific for pento...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-006-6217-2
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matrix proteoglycans (PGs) have shown promise as biomarker in malignancies. We employed agarose gel eletrophoresis, quantitative real- time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the content of sulfated glicosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate) and expre...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-018-9815-x
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans, in contrast to other mammals, do not synthesize N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) due to a deletion in the gene (cmah) encoding the enzyme responsible for this conversion, the cytidine monophospho-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase). The detection of considerable amounts of Neu5Gc-s...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-013-9473-y
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-acid and acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from feces of one litter of germ-free rats from day 17 to day 51. Quantitative and qualitative changes described for small intestine of conventional rats [Bouhours D, Bouhours J-F (1981) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 99:1384-89] were also found in the feces of these germ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01047848
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined structure-function relationships that have been proposed to account for the heparin-binding properties of basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor, FGFR-1, using synthetic peptides, DNA synthesis assays and binding assays in a resonant mirror biosensor. The results suggest that the interaction ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1006986104865
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of fluorescent statistical glycopolymers, prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT)-based polymerizations, were successfully employed in lectin-mediated bacterial binding studies. The resultant glycopolymers contained three different monomers: N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (HEAA), N-...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-013-9508-4
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are genetic diseases characterized by deficient synthesis (CDG type I) and/or abnormal processing (CDG type II) of glycan moieties linked to protein and lipids. The impact of the molecular defects on protein glycosylation and in turn on the clinical phenotypes of patients wi...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-019-09890-2
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured chondrocytes derived from the caudal and cephalic ends of embryonic chick sterna have been compared with each other and with whole sternum, by using a panel of 21 lectins to probe the distribution of oligosaccharides in glycoconjugates of cells and matrix at various times of culture or development. On culture...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1018526813159
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The failure of cartilage mineralization in osteochondrotic cartilage may be due to an impaired proteoglycan production. The in vitro production of proteoglycans was therefore studied in the joint cartilage of growing pigs, aged 9-18 weeks, after incubation of cartilage samples with 35S-sulfate. Cartilage was obtained ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00731147
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two Arabidopsis xylosyltransferases, designated RGXT1 and RGXT2, were recently expressed in Baculovirus transfected insect cells and by use of the free sugar assay shown to catalyse transfer of D-xylose from UDP-alpha-D-xylose to L-fucose and derivatives hereof. We have now examined expression of RGXT1 and RGXT2 in Pi...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-009-9242-0
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein involved in immunomodulation, cell interactions, cancer progression, and pathogenesis of infectious organisms. We report the identification and characterization of galectin-3 in human semen. In the male reproductive tract, the approximately 30 kDa galectin-3 protein was...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-009-9262-9
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction is a reliable and versatile mechanism for cell adhesion and recognition. Glycosphingolipid (GSL) clusters at the cell membrane are mainly involved in this interaction. To investigate carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction an integrated strategy (Glyconanotechnology) was developed. ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/B:GLYC.0000044846.80014.cb
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans modulate numerous cellular processes relevant to tumour progression, including cell proliferation, cell-matrix interactions, cell motility and invasive growth. Among the glycosaminoglycans with a well-documented role in tumour progression are heparan sulphate, chondroitin/dermatan ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-016-9735-6
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syndecan-4 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan belonging to the syndecan family. Syndecan-4-deficient [(Synd4(-/-)] mice were produced to clarify the in vivo role of syndecan-4. Synd4(-/-) mice were more susceptible to kappa-carrageenan-induced nephropathy, and the placental labyrinth from the deficient em...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/A:1025308702966
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uncovering enzyme (UCE) removes N-acetylglucosamine from lysosomal enzymes to uncover the mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) determinant necessary for targeting these enzymes to lysosomes. Failure to create the Man-6-P determinant is one cause of lysosomal storage diseases. Despite its medical importance, little struct...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-005-0846-8
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood group antigen-related oligosaccharides have been implicated in growth regulation, cell mobility control and adhesion; we are therefore interested in the localization of receptors for these oligosaccharides in tumour cells. Labelled neoglycoconjugates that carry synthetic sugar structures are suitable tools to de...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00731207
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sialoglycopeptide was isolated from buffalo colostrum in pure form by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and QAE-Sephadex A-25. This was found to be homogeneous by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and reverse phase HPLC. It consisted of fucose, galactose, mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl neuraminic ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01049681
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because anti-glycolipid antibodies are involved in the onset of several neurological diseases, the reactivity of glycolipids on erythrocytes and the probability of generating the antibodies were determined to clarify the contribution of glycolipids as antigens. Anti-erythrocyte antisera reacted with the following glyc...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-008-9197-6
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A non-enzymatic reaction between sugars or aldehydes and the amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids contributes to the aging of macromolecules, which could impair their structural integrity and function. This process begins with the conversion of reversible Schiff base adducts, and then to more stable, cov...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-016-9682-2
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The partitioning of the overall molecular charge distribution into atom centered monopole charges, while quantum mechanically ill-defined, is nevertheless a technique which finds applications in several broad classes of chemical problems. Charges derived from fits to electrostatic potentials have an intuitive appeal s...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1018511804498
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::C-Mannosylation, a protein-modification found in various eukaryotes, involves the attachment of a single mannose molecule to selected tryptophan residues of proteins. Since C-mannosyl tryptophan (CMW) was detected in human urine, it is generally thought that CMW is not catabolized inside our body and instead is excret...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-017-9807-2
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past two decades, sugar chain structures of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced in healthy people, three types of trophoblastic disease, and some types of cell lines have been analyzed. The abnormal biantennary structure of hCG is a good marker for the diagnosis of malignant choriocarcinoma. In spite ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/B:GLYC.0000038293.37376.9f
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of interleukin-3 (IL-3) independent cell growth and of IL-3-associated ganglioside expression was analysed using the IL-3 dependent murine myelogenous leukaemia cell line NFS60-I7 and IL-3 gene-transfected sublines. The transfected cell lines showed autonomous cell growth, tumorigenicity, and IL-3 associ...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00731500
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection linked to increased risk of premature birth, cervical cancer and HIV. This study defines molecular domains of the parasite surface glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (LPG) with distinct functions in the host immunoinflammatory response...
journal_title:Glycoconjugate journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10719-008-9157-1
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00