Abstract:
:In many regions, conservation tillage has replaced conventional tilling practices to reduce soil erosion, improve water conservation, and increase soil organic matter. However, tillage can have marked effects on soil properties, specifically nutrient redistribution or stratification in the soil profile. The objective of this research was to examine soil phosphorus (P) forms and concentrations in a long-term study comparing conservation tillage (direct drilling, "No Till") and conventional tillage (moldboard plowing to 20 cm depth, "Till") established on a fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) in Prince Edward Island, Canada. No significant differences in total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total P, or total organic P concentrations were detected between the tillage systems at any depth in the 0- to 60-cm depth range analyzed. However, analysis with phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed differences in P forms in the plow layer. In particular, the concentration of orthophosphate was significantly higher under No Till than Till at 5 to 10 cm, but the reverse was true at 10 to 20 cm. Mehlich 3-extractable P was also significantly higher in No Till at 5 to 10 cm and significantly higher in Till at 20 to 30 cm. This P stratification appears to be caused by a lack of mixing of applied fertilizer in No Till because the same trends were observed for pH and Mehlich 3-extractable Ca (significantly higher in the Till treatment at 20 to 30 cm), reflecting mixing of applied lime. The P saturation ratio was significantly higher under No Till at 0 to 5 cm and exceeded the recommended limits, suggesting that P stratification under No Till had increased the potential for P loss in runoff from these sites.
journal_name
J Environ Qualjournal_title
Journal of environmental qualityauthors
Cade-Menun BJ,Carter MR,James DC,Liu CWdoi
10.2134/jeq2009.0491subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
1647-56issue
5eissn
0047-2425issn
1537-2537journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Biochar has been heralded as an amendment to revitalize degraded soils, improve soil carbon sequestration, increase agronomic productivity, and enter into future carbon trading markets. However, scientific and economic technicalties may limit the ability of biochar to consistently deliver on these expectations. Past r...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0069
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Batch sequential extraction techniques for fractionating metals or metalloids in soils are time consuming and subject to several potential errors. The development of a continuous-flow sequential extraction method for soil As is described and assessed, having the benefits of simplicity, rapidity, less risk of contamina...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2001.1940
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terrestrial ecosystems, both natural ecosystems and agroecosystems, generate greenhouse gases (GHGs). The chamber method is the most common method to quantify GHG fluxes from soil-plant systems and to better understand factors affecting their generation and mitigation. The objective of this study was to review and syn...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20117
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pH value of poultry litter is affected by nitrification, mineralization, and the addition of acidifying chemicals, all acting on the poultry litter pH buffering capacity (pHBC). Increased understanding of poultry litter pHBC will aid in modeling NH volatilization from surface-applied poultry litter as well as esti...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2014.11.0463
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the relatively pristine ecosystem in Kejimkujik Park, Nova Scotia, methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in loons, Gavia immer, are among the highest recorded anywhere in the world. This study investigated the influence of bedrock lithology on MeHg concentrations in wetlands. Twenty-five different wetland field sites...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.2085
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Livestock slurry is a major source of atmospheric methane (CH), but surface crusts harboring methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) could mediate against CH emissions. This study examined conditions for CH oxidation by in situ measurements of oxygen (O) and nitrous oxide (NO), as a proxy for inorganic N transformations, in ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2017.02.0047
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outdoor, solar illuminated growth chamber with modulated UV-B enhancement, is described and its performance characterized. The chamber was clad with Teflon film that transmitted both UV-A and UV-B with little absorption and whose transmission did not change significantly over 1 yr. An array of UV-B emitting fluor...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600030037x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory incubations of four broiler litter (BL) samples at 30°C were performed to investigate the effect of water content on the decay of uric acid nitrogen (UAN) and xanthine nitrogen (XN). UAN and XN concentrations increased in all samples during a period of 1 to 8 d before declining for the remaining 30 d. The i...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2014.05.0240
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vegetated filter strips (VFS) have become an important component of water quality improvement by reducing sediment and nutrients transport to surface water. This management practice is also beneficial for controlling manure-borne pathogen transport to surface water. The objective of this work was to assess the VFS eff...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0328
更新日期:2009-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Quantifying and managing diffuse P losses from small catchments or at the farm scale requires detailed knowledge of farming practices and their interaction with catchment processes. However, detailed knowledge may not be available and hence modeling is required. This paper demonstrates two approaches to developing too...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0651
更新日期:2009-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with open (treeless) pasture systems, silvopastoral agroforestry systems that integrate trees into pasture production systems are likely to enhance soil carbon (C) sequestration in deeper soil layers. To test this hypothesis, total soil C contents at six soil depths (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-50, 50-75, and 75-125...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0509
更新日期:2008-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::Mobility of dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly affects the export of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from soils to surface waters. To study the sorption and mobility of dissolved organic C and P (DOC, DOP) in soil, the pH-dependent sorption of DOM to samples from Ap, EB, and Bt horizons from a Danish agricultural...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0081
更新日期:2007-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) microprobe analysis and micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (micro-XANES) spectroscopy were employed to identify Fe and Mn phases and their association with selected metals in two biosolids (limed composted [LC] and Nu-Earth) before and after treatment to remove organic carb...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0259
更新日期:2006-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally recognized that soil N(2)O emissions can exhibit pronounced day-to-day variations; however, measurements of soil N(2)O flux with soil chambers typically are done only at discrete points in time. This study evaluated the impact of sampling frequency on the precision of cumulative N(2)O flux estimates ca...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0333
更新日期:2008-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of portable in situ ultraviolet-visual spectrometers has made possible the collection of water quality parameters at a high frequency in dynamic systems such as tidal marshes. The usefulness of this technology is inhibited by fouling of the instrument's optics. In this study, a spectrometer fitted wit...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2013.02.0049
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diazinon [O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methyl(pyrimidine-4-yl) phosphorothioate] and imidacloprid [1-(1-[6-chloro-3-pyridinyl]methyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine] are applied to lawns for insect control simultaneously with nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, but their potential effect on urease activity and nitrogen ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0433
更新日期:2005-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::While the US Midwest is expected to serve as a primary feedstock source for cellulosic biofuel production, the impacts of residue harvesting on soil organic carbon (SOC) may greatly limit sustainable production capacity. However, viable feedstock production could be realized through adoption of management practices an...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2017.04.0177
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial mineralization of urea and uric acid in poultry litter results in the production of ammonia, which can lead to decreased poultry performance, malodorous emissions, and loss of poultry litter value as a fertilizer. Despite the fact that this is a microbial process, little is known about how the microbial popu...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0024
更新日期:2008-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial contamination of karst aquifers is a global concern as water quality deteriorates in the face of decreasing water security. Traditional abiotic groundwater tracers, which do not exhibit surface properties similar to bacteria, may not be good proxies for risk assessment of bacterial transport in karst environ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2017.10.0406
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water quality concerns and revised regulations are changing how confined animal feeding operations manage manure. Devising acceptable and feasible changes in manure practices requires a full understanding of the forces shaping current manure management decisions. Previous theoretical models have shown that a wide rang...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1106
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In northern Florida, year-round forage systems are used in dairy effluent sprayfields to reduce nitrate leaching. Our purpose was to quantify forage N removal and monitor nitrate N (NO3(-)-N) concentration below the rooting zone for two perennial, sod-based, triple-cropping systems over four 12-mo cycles (1996-2000). ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.9960
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two separate laboratory experiment series, surface runoff and steady-state seepage, were performed to determine if dust suppressant products can be applied to soils with an expected minimal to no negative impact on water quality. The experiments were designed to mimic arid field conditions and used two soils (clayey a...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0188
更新日期:2009-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical speciation of soil cadmium (Cd) dictates its mobility and potential toxicity in the environment. Our objective was to compare temporal changes in speciation of Cd(II) reacted with samples from six Brazilian soils having varying Cd(II) sorption capacities. Cadmium L-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (X...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2016.08.0316
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the response of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) to manure management. A pilot field study was conducted using horse manure containing no antibiotics, into which chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL), and monensin (MON) were spiked and compared to unspiked c...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0006
更新日期:2007-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in surface land use may threaten groundwater quality and ecosystem integrity, particularly in shallow aquifers where links between groundwater and surface activities are most intimate. In this study we examine the response of groundwater ecosystem to agricultural land uses in the shallow alluvial aquifer of th...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0018
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent strategies to reduce elevated nitrate concentrations employ metallic Fe0 as a reductant. Secondary products of Fe0 corrosion include magnetite (Fe3O4), green rust [Fe6(OH)12SO4], and wüstite [FeO(s)]. To our knowledge, no studies have been reported on the reactivity of NO3- with FeO(s). This project was initiat...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0459
更新日期:2005-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption of microbially contaminated ground water can cause adverse health effects and the processes involved in pathogen transport in aquifers need to be understood. The influences of distance, flow velocity, and colloid size on colloid transport were examined in homogenous pea-gravel media using an 8-m column and...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0286
更新日期:2006-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Wildfire has been shown to increase the short-term (1-3 yr) mobilization of mineral N and P in forest ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Lake Tahoe Basin. The ensuing effects on tributary and lake water quality are uncertain. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the impacts on runoff water qualit...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0472
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial extracellular polymers (BEP) affect the translocation and fate of organic and inorganic pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, BEP from activated sludge was compared with sludge dissolved organic matter (DOM) in terms of behavior and effects on the mobilization and bioavailability o...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1540
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Condensed tannins can be found in various parts of many plants. Unlike lignin there has been little study of their fate as they enter the soil organic matter pool and their influence on nutrient cycling, especially through their protein-binding properties. We extracted and characterized tannin-rich fractions from humu...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00