Abstract：
PREMISE:Outcomes of species interactions, especially mutualisms, are notoriously dependent on environmental context, and environments are changing rapidly. Studies have investigated how mutualisms respond to or ameliorate anthropogenic environmental changes, but most have focused on nutrient pollution or climate change and tested stressors one at a time. Relatively little is known about how mutualisms may be altered by or buffer the effects of multiple chemical contaminants, which differ fundamentally from nutrient or climate stressors and are especially widespread in aquatic habitats. METHODS:We investigated the impacts of two contaminants on interactions between the duckweed Lemna minor and its microbiome. Sodium chloride (salt) and benzotriazole (a corrosion inhibitor) often co-occur in runoff to water bodies where duckweeds reside. We tested three L. minor genotypes with and without the culturable portion of their microbiome across field-realistic gradients of salt (3 levels) and benzotriazole (4 levels) in a fully factorial experiment (24 treatments, tested on each genotype) and measured plant and microbial growth. RESULTS:Stressors had conditional effects. Salt decreased both plant and microbial growth and decreased plant survival more as benzotriazole concentrations increased. In contrast, benzotriazole did not affect microbial abundance and even benefited plants when salt and microbes were absent, perhaps due to biotransformation into growth-promoting compounds. Microbes did not ameliorate duckweed stressors; microbial inoculation increased plant growth, but not at high salt concentrations. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that multiple stressors matter when predicting responses of mutualisms to global change and that beneficial microbes may not always buffer hosts against stress.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
O'Brien AM,Yu ZH,Luo DY,Laurich J,Passeport E,Frederickson MEdoi
10.1002/ajb2.1404subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-01 00:00:00pages
273-285issue
2eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The ability of insect visitors to learn to manipulate complex flowers has important consequences for foraging efficiency and plant fitness. We investigated learning by two butterfly species, Danaus erippus and Heliconius erato, as they foraged on the complex flowers of Asclepias curassavica, as wel...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1700040
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Floral characteristics such as morphology and flower color have been interpreted as adaptive traits that evolved through selective pressures generated by pollinators. Differences among populations in the expression of floral characters could result from natural selection for their adaptive value to local conditions. W...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.90.3.377
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deciphering species relationships and hybrid origins in polyploid agamic species complexes is notoriously difficult. In this study of cheilanthoid ferns, we demonstrate increased resolving power for clarifying the origins of polyploid lineages by integrating evidence from a diverse selection of biosystematic methods. ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0900019
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Virtually nothing is known about what actually happens during prolonged dormancy, the period during which significant proportions of geophyte populations do not sprout after seasonal dormancy but remain alive underground, to emerge again 1 or more years later. This study investigated the fate of pe...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1000262
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence data from the intron and spacer of the trnL-F chloroplast region elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Diseae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae). Within Diseae, 41 species of Disa, two of Brownleea, three of Satyrium, and two of Corycium were included, with five species of Habenaria sensu lato (Orchi...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Intertidal macroalgae must resist extreme hydrodynamic forces imposed by crashing waves. How does frond flexibility mitigate drag, and how does flexibility affect predictions of drag and dislodgement in the field? METHODS:We characterized flexible reconfiguration of six seaweed species in a recirc...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100541
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Geographic differences in flower visitor assemblages might lead to among-population differences in the magnitude and pattern of floral integration. However, the role of current pollinator visitation in shaping the magnitude and pattern of floral trait correlations is still controversial. METHODS:W...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1500336
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Woody stems comprise a large biological carbon fraction and determine water transport between roots and leaves; their structure and function can influence both carbon and hydrological cycles. While angiosperm wood anatomy and density determine hydraulic conductivity and mechanical strength, little is known about inter...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0900178
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The ecological and evolutionary significance of natural epigenetic variation (i.e., not based on DNA sequence variants) variation will depend critically on whether epigenetic states are transmitted from parents to offspring, but little is known on epigenetic inheritance in nonmodel plants. METHODS...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1074
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Competition and herbivory are ubiquitous environmental challenges that affect most plants. We examined the influence of phenotypic responses to either competition or herbivory on the subsequent response of the plants to the other factor. The stem-elongation response of Chenopodium album to light competition attenuated...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.92.1.21
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Fuchsia (Onagraceae) anthers, pollen, and an ornithophilous Fuchsia-like flower from an earliest Miocene lacustrine diatomite deposit at Foulden Maar, southern New Zealand confirm a long record for Fuchsia in New Zealand and probably an equally long history for its distinctive honeyeat...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200643
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The presence or absence of a functional copy of a plastid gene may reflect relaxed selection, and may be phylogenetically significant, reflecting shared ancestry. In some liverworts, the plastid gene cysA is a pseudogene (inferred to be nonfunctional). We surveyed 63 liverworts from all major clade...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100010
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Seabirds often cause significant changes to soil properties, and seabird-dominated systems often host unique plant communities. This study experimentally (1) examined species-specific responses to seabird guano gradients, (2) considered the role that differential functional traits among species pla...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1000159
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paddy fields are one of the dominant anthropogenic sources of methane emission to the atmosphere, and the main passageway of methane from paddy soil is through the rice plant. However, the effect of aquatic weeds on methane emission from rice paddies has not been properly evaluated yet. Methane emission from weeded po...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epiphytes are ecologically important components of tropical forests worldwide and yet they have been underrepresented in studies of reproductive biology. Given the presumed ephemeral nature of their substrates, and the importance of dispersal and colonization, epiphytes might be expected to undergo substantial inbreed...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the role of geography and ecology in species divergence is central to the study of evolutionary diversification. We used climatic, geographic, and biological data from nine wild Andean tomato species to describe each species' ecological niche and to evaluate the likely ecological and geographical modes o...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0900216
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dispersal is an important life history component. Seed settling velocity may be a useful surrogate for the measurement of dispersal ability in wind-dispersed plants, particularly those whose seeds have plumose dispersal structures. I measured settling velocities on seeds of eight species of Asteraceae, including annua...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13702.x
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The taxonomic richness of seed plants at different taxonomic levels was compared between temperate East Asia and North America at both continental and semi-continental scales. In each comparison, land area and latitude range were adjusted to a comparable level between the two continental regions. East Asia is signific...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.89.11.1818
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The response of axillary buds to floral stimulus activity in stem pieces was examined in two near-isogenic cultivars of tobacco that differ in the recessive maryland mammoth (mm) allele, which confers short-day behavior. All axillary buds from day-neutral plants assayed on six-internode stem pieces made few nodes (les...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellites were developed for the native, perennial herbs Houstonia longifolia and H. purpurea to establish rates and patterns of hybridization among these and other closely related lineages within the genus. METHODS AND RESULTS:Seven primer sets were developed and tested using populations ac...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1000294
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Fern spores are unicellular and haploid, making them a potential model system to study factors that regulate lifespan and mechanisms of aging. Aging rates of nongreen spores were measured to compare longevity characteristics among diverse fern species and test for orthodox response to storage tempe...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100257
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Productivity in drylands may depend on the sensitivity of interactions between plants and biocrusts. Given future climate variability, it is essential to understand how interactions may be context-dependent with precipitation regime. Furthermore, little is known about the additional interactions of...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1120
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a new method, the leaf measuring-interval index (LMI), to estimate leaf age in morphological and physiological studies of leaves. When the plastochron, the interval between the initiation of successive leaves, is constant, the well-known leaf plastochron index (LPI) provides a robust measure of leaf age. Wh...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0800303
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anther and ovule development of Camellia, Franklinia, and Schima (Theaceae, Camellioideae) were observed. The three genera share the following embryological traits: anther wall formation of basic type, tapetum of glandular type, walls of endothecial cells with secondary thickening, and production of pseudopollen g...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:General relationships among functional traits have been identified across species, but the forces shaping these relationships remain largely unknown. Adopting an approach from evolutionary biology, we studied similarities and differences in intrapopulation trait correlations among locally co-occurr...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1146
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Male-biased herbivory in dioecious species is expected as a consequence of selection for increased resistance (reduced attack) in the sex with higher reproductive costs-females. Empirical support of this prediction is taxonomically restricted and fraught with exceptions. Phenological changes in res...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200603
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Plants adjust their phenology in response to seasonal cues experienced both by their parents and by themselves, and coordinating responses to these cues is necessary for expressing adaptive phenology. We investigated how cues are integrated across time to influence an important progeny phenotype, i...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1600389
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an age of rapid global change, it is imperative that we continue to improve our understanding of factors that govern genetic differentiation in plants to inform biologically reasonable predictions for the future and enlighten conservation and restoration practices. In this special issue, we have assembled a set of ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type：
doi：10.3732/ajb.1500515
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent consensus that Amborellaceae, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales form the three earliest-diverging lineages of angiosperms has led comparative biologists to reconsider the origin and early developmental evolution of the angiosperm seven-celled/eight-nucleate (Polygonum-type) female gametophyte. Illicium mexi...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.91.3.332
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE:Spiny pollen has evolved independently in multiple entomophilous lineages. Sexual selection may act on exine traits that facilitate male mating success by influencing the transfer of pollen from the anther to the body of the pollinator, while natural selection acts to increase pollen survival. We postulated tha...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1428
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
