Inhibition of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase by 6-alkyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidines.

Abstract:

:(±)-6-Alkyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine-based inhibitors of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) have been prepared and evaluated for biological potency against Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus aureus. Biological studies revealed attenuated activity relative to earlier structures lacking substitution at C6 of the diaminopyrimidine moiety, though minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values are in the 0.125-8 μg mL(-1) range for both organisms. This effect was rationalized from three- dimensional X-ray structure studies that indicate the presence of a side pocket containing two water molecules adjacent to the main binding pocket. Because of the hydrophobic nature of the substitutions at C6, the main interactions are with protein residues Leu 20 and Leu 28. These interactions lead to a minor conformational change in the protein, which opens the pocket containing these water molecules such that it becomes continuous with the main binding pocket. These water molecules are reported to play a critical role in the catalytic reaction, highlighting a new area for inhibitor expansion within the limited architectural variation at the catalytic site of bacterial DHFR.

journal_name

ChemMedChem

journal_title

ChemMedChem

authors

Nammalwar B,Bourne CR,Bunce RA,Wakeham N,Bourne PC,Ramnarayan K,Mylvaganam S,Berlin KD,Barrow EW,Barrow WW

doi

10.1002/cmdc.201200291

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-11-01 00:00:00

pages

1974-82

issue

11

eissn

1860-7179

issn

1860-7187

journal_volume

7

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Stable synthetic bacteriochlorins for photodynamic therapy: role of dicyano peripheral groups, central metal substitution (2H, Zn, Pd), and Cremophor EL delivery.

    abstract::A series of four stable synthetic bacteriochlorins was tested in vitro in HeLa cells for their potential in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The parent bacteriochlorin (BC), dicyano derivative (NC)(2)BC and corresponding zinc chelate (NC)(2)BC-Zn and palladium chelate (NC)(2)BC-Pd were studied. Direct dilution of a solutio...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201200351

    authors: Huang YY,Balasubramanian T,Yang E,Luo D,Diers JR,Bocian DF,Lindsey JS,Holten D,Hamblin MR

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of human DHODH by 4-hydroxycoumarins, fenamic acids, and N-(alkylcarbonyl)anthranilic acids identified by structure-guided fragment selection.

    abstract::A strategy that combines virtual screening and structure-guided selection of fragments was used to identify three unexplored classes of human DHODH inhibitor compounds: 4-hydroxycoumarins, fenamic acids, and N-(alkylcarbonyl)anthranilic acids. Structure-guided selection of fragments targeting the inner subsite of the ...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.200900454

    authors: Fritzson I,Svensson B,Al-Karadaghi S,Walse B,Wellmar U,Nilsson UJ,da Graça Thrige D,Jönsson S

    更新日期:2010-04-06 00:00:00

  • Boosting Affinity by Correct Ligand Preorganization for the S2 Pocket of Thrombin: A Study by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, Molecular Dynamics, and High-Resolution Crystal Structures.

    abstract::Structural preorganization to fix bioactive conformations at protein binding sites is a popular strategy to enhance binding affinity during late-stage optimization. The rationale for this enhancement relates to entropic advantages assigned to rigidified versus flexible ligands. We analyzed a narrow series of peptidomi...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201500531

    authors: Rühmann EH,Rupp M,Betz M,Heine A,Klebe G

    更新日期:2016-02-04 00:00:00

  • Nonlinear dimensionality reduction for visualizing toxicity data: distance-based versus topology-based approaches.

    abstract::Over the years, a number of dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed and used in chemoinformatics to perform nonlinear mappings. In this study, four representatives of nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods related to two different families were analyzed: distance-based approaches (Isomap and Diffusi...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201400027

    authors: Kireeva NV,Ovchinnikova SI,Tetko IV,Asiri AM,Balakin KV,Tsivadze AY

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Histone deacetylase inhibitors with enhanced enzymatic inhibition effects and potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities.

    abstract::In the present work, a series of small molecules were designed and synthesized based on structural optimization. A significant improvement in the enzyme inhibitory activity of these compounds was discovered. Moreover, the tested compounds have moderate preference for class I HDACs over HDAC6, as demonstrated by enzyme...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201300297

    authors: Zhang L,Zhang Y,Chou CJ,Inks ES,Wang X,Li X,Hou J,Xu W

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Targeting Steroidogenic Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) with 6-Substituted 1-Imidazolylmethylxanthones.

    abstract::Abnormally high corticosteroid levels are responsible for the onset of serious hormone-related diseases, and the inhibition of their biosynthesis by targeting cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 has emerged as a promising strategy to restore healthy physiological levels of corticosteroids. With the aim ...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201600078

    authors: Gobbi S,Hu Q,Zimmer C,Belluti F,Rampa A,Hartmann RW,Bisi A

    更新日期:2016-08-19 00:00:00

  • Phosphopeptide ligands of the SHP-1 N-SH2 domain: effects on binding and stimulation of phosphatase activity.

    abstract::Src homology 2 (SH2)-domain-mediated interactions with phosphotyrosine (pY)-containing ligands are critical for the regulation of SHP-1 phosphatase activity. Peptides based on a binding site from receptor tyrosine kinase Ros (EGLN-pY2267-MVL, 1) have recently been shown to bind to the SHP-1 N-terminal SH2 domain (N-SH...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.200600037

    authors: Hampel K,Kaufhold I,Zacharias M,Böhmer FD,Imhof D

    更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00

  • Targeting an Aromatic Hotspot in Plasmodium falciparum 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase with β-Arylpropyl Analogues of Fosmidomycin.

    abstract::Blocking the 2-C-methyl-d-erythrithol-4-phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis offers new ways to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium spp. Fosmidomycin [(3-(N-hydroxyformamido)propyl)phosphonic acid, 1] and its acetyl homologue FR-900098 [(3-(N-hydroxyacetamido)propyl)phosphonic acid, 2] potently inhibit 1-deoxy-d...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201600249

    authors: Sooriyaarachchi S,Chofor R,Risseeuw MD,Bergfors T,Pouyez J,Dowd CS,Maes L,Wouters J,Jones TA,Van Calenbergh S,Mowbray SL

    更新日期:2016-09-20 00:00:00

  • Light-Switchable Antagonists for the Histamine H1 Receptor at the Isolated Guinea Pig Ileum.

    abstract::The histamine H1 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) plays an important role in allergy and inflammation. Existing drugs that address the H1 receptor differ in their chemical structure, pharmacology, and side effects. Light-controllable spatial and temporal activity regulation of photochromic H1 ligands may contribute t...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201800815

    authors: Rustler K,Pockes S,König B

    更新日期:2019-03-22 00:00:00

  • Sulfocoumarin-, Coumarin-, 4-Sulfamoylphenyl-Bearing Indazole-3-carboxamide Hybrids: Synthesis and Selective Inhibition of Tumor-Associated Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes IX and XII.

    abstract::A series of sulfocoumarin-, coumarin-, and 4-sulfamoylphenyl-bearing indazole-3-carboxamide hybrids were synthesized and investigated as inhibitors of the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms I and II (cytosolic isozymes), as well as hCA IX and XII (transmembrane, tumor-associated enzymes). Compounds 6 ...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201700446

    authors: Angapelly S,Sri Ramya PV,Angeli A,Supuran CT,Arifuddin M

    更新日期:2017-10-09 00:00:00

  • Sulfide Analogues of Flupirtine and Retigabine with Nanomolar KV 7.2/KV 7.3 Channel Opening Activity.

    abstract::The potassium channel openers flupirtine and retigabine have proven to be valuable analgesics or antiepileptics. Their recent withdrawal due to occasional hepatotoxicity and tissue discoloration, respectively, leaves a therapeutic niche unfilled. Metabolic oxidation of both drugs gives rise to the formation of electro...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201900112

    authors: Bock C,Surur AS,Beirow K,Kindermann MK,Schulig L,Bodtke A,Bednarski PJ,Link A

    更新日期:2019-05-06 00:00:00

  • Comparative Assessment of Complex Stabilities of Radiocopper Chelating Agents by a Combination of Complex Challenge and in vivo Experiments.

    abstract::For (64) Cu radiolabeling of biomolecules to be used as in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents, various chelators are commonly applied. It has not yet been determined which of the most potent chelators--NODA-GA ((1,4,7-triazacyclononane-4,7-diyl)diacetic acid-1-glutaric acid), CB-TE2A (2,2'-(1,4,8,1...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201500132

    authors: Litau S,Seibold U,Vall-Sagarra A,Fricker G,Wängler B,Wängler C

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Getting a Grip on the Undrugged: Targeting β-Catenin with Fragment-Based Methods.

    abstract::Aberrant WNT pathway activation, leading to nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, is a key oncogenic driver event. Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene APC lead to impaired proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and subsequent nuclear translocation. Restoring cellular degradation of β-catenin represents a potential thera...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.202000839

    authors: Kessler D,Mayer M,Zahn SK,Zeeb M,Wöhrle S,Bergner A,Bruchhaus J,Ciftci T,Dahmann G,Dettling M,Döbel S,Fuchs JE,Geist L,Hela W,Kofink C,Kousek R,Moser F,Puchner T,Rumpel K,Scharnweber M,Werni P,Wolkerstorfer B,

    更新日期:2020-12-04 00:00:00

  • Synthesis, Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of Buprenorphine-Derived Phenylazocarboxamides as Novel μ-Opioid Receptor Ligands.

    abstract::Targeted structural modifications have led to a novel type of buprenorphine-derived opioid receptor ligand displaying an improved selectivity profile for the μ-OR subtype. On this basis, it is shown that phenylazocarboxamides may serve as useful bioisosteric replacements for the widely occurring cinnamide units, witho...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.202000180

    authors: Krüll J,Fehler SK,Hofmann L,Nebel N,Maschauer S,Prante O,Gmeiner P,Lanig H,Hübner H,Heinrich MR

    更新日期:2020-07-03 00:00:00

  • Modular Assembly of Allosteric MEK Inhibitor Structural Elements Unravels Potency and Feedback-Modulation Handles.

    abstract::Having recently identified a so-far unexplored area adjacent to the known binding site of allosteric mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, we now report an extension of these studies by combining our new side chains with different MEK inhibitor cores in a modular manner. Replacement of the amide he...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201500442

    authors: Hartung IV,Pühler F,Neuhaus R,Scholz A,Siemeister G,Geisler J,Hillig RC,von Ahsen O,Hitchcock M

    更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00

  • Homology modeling of the serotonin transporter: insights into the primary escitalopram-binding site.

    abstract::The serotonin transporter (SERT) is one of the neurotransmitter transporters that plays a critical role in the regulation of endogenous amine concentrations and therefore is an important target for therapeutic agents affecting the central nervous system. The recently published, high resolution X-ray structure of the c...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.200600242

    authors: Jørgensen AM,Tagmose L,Jørgensen AM,Topiol S,Sabio M,Gundertofte K,Bøgesø KP,Peters GH

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Retro-enantio N-methylated peptides as beta-amyloid aggregation inhibitors.

    abstract::An emerging and attractive target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is to inhibit the aggregation of beta-amyloid protein (Abeta). We applied the retro-enantio concept to design an N-methylated peptidic inhibitor of the Abeta42 aggregation process. This inhibitor, inrD, as well as the corresponding all-L (inL) ...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.200900191

    authors: Grillo-Bosch D,Carulla N,Cruz M,Sánchez L,Pujol-Pina R,Madurga S,Rabanal F,Giralt E

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • Tertiary-Amine-Based Inhibitors of the Astacin Protease Meprin α.

    abstract::Metalloproteinases of the astacin family are drawing ever increasing attention as potential drug targets. However, knowledge regarding inhibitors thereof is limited in most cases. Crucial for the development of metalloprotease inhibitors is high selectivity, to avoid side effects brought about by inhibition of off-tar...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201800300

    authors: Tan K,Jäger C,Schlenzig D,Schilling S,Buchholz M,Ramsbeck D

    更新日期:2018-08-20 00:00:00

  • Discovery of potent HDAC inhibitors based on chlamydocin with inhibitory effects on cell migration.

    abstract::The histone deacetylase (HDAC) family is a promising drug target class owing to the importance of these enzymes in a variety of cellular processes. Docking studies were conducted to identify novel HDAC inhibitors. Subtle modifications in the recognition domain were introduced into a series of chlamydocin analogues, an...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201300372

    authors: Wang S,Li X,Wei Y,Xiu Z,Nishino N

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Anticancer profile of a series of gold(III) (2-phenyl)pyridine complexes.

    abstract::Six phosphorescent (2-phenyl)pyridine (ppy) gold(III) 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (FMes) complexes were synthesized and investigated for their anticancer potential. The compounds demonstrated strong antiproliferative activity, with EC50 values in the low micromolar range, along with significant accumulation in H...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201402446

    authors: Rubbiani R,Zehnder TN,Mari C,Blacque O,Venkatesan K,Gasser G

    更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00

  • A Flexible Strategy for Modular Synthesis of Curcuminoid-BF2 /Curcuminoid Pairs and Their Comparative Antiproliferative Activity in Human Cancer Cell Lines.

    abstract::A facile protocol that enables synthetic interconversion of CUR-BF2 and CUR compounds is described that significantly widens the preparative scope of curcuminoids, providing access to larger libraries of compounds, thus enabling comparative antiproliferative and apoptotic study of a larger library of synthetic analogs...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201900640

    authors: Abonia R,Laali KK,Raja Somu D,Bunge SD,Wang EC

    更新日期:2020-02-17 00:00:00

  • Screening for the drug-phospholipid interaction: correlation to phospholipidosis.

    abstract::Phospholipid bilayers represent a complex, anisotropic environment fundamentally different from bulk oil or octanol, for instance. Even "simple" drug association to phospholipid bilayers can only be fully understood if the slab-of-hydrocarbon approach is abandoned and the complex, anisotropic properties of lipid bilay...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.200900052

    authors: Alakoskela JM,Vitovic P,Kinnunen PK

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Ribonuclease A inhibition by carboxymethylsulfonyl-modified xylo- and arabinopyrimidines.

    abstract::A group of acidic nucleosides were synthesized to develop a new class of ribonuclease A (RNase A) inhibitors. Our recent study on carboxymethylsulfonyl-modified nucleosides revealed some interesting results in RNase A inhibition. This positive outcome triggered an investigation of the role played by secondary sugar hy...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201402179

    authors: Datta D,Dasgupta S,Pathak T

    更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • Oxoisoaporphine Alkaloids: Prospective Anti-Alzheimer's Disease, Anticancer, and Antidepressant Agents.

    abstract::Oxoisoaporphine alkaloids are a family of oxoisoquinoline-derived alkaloids that were first isolated from the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum DC. (Menispermaceae). It has been demonstrated that oxoisoaporphine alkaloids possess various biological properties, such as cholinesterase and β-amyloid inhibition, acting as a...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201800196

    authors: Zhang J,Chen L,Sun J

    更新日期:2018-07-06 00:00:00

  • Metabolite identification via LC-SPE-NMR-MS of the in vitro biooxidation products of a lead mGlu5 allosteric antagonist and impact on the improvement of metabolic stability in the series.

    abstract::Detailed information on the metabolic fate of lead compounds can be a powerful tool for an informed approach to the stabilization of metabolically labile compounds in the lead optimization phase. The combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mas...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.200700203

    authors: Ceccarelli SM,Schlotterbeck G,Boissin P,Binder M,Buettelmann B,Hanlon S,Jaeschke G,Kolczewski S,Kupfer E,Peters JU,Porter RH,Prinssen EP,Rueher M,Ruf I,Spooren W,Stämpfli A,Vieira E

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • 4-Alkylated Silver-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes with Cytotoxic Effects in Leukemia Cells.

    abstract::Computational chemistry has shown that backbone-alkylated imidazoles ought to be efficient ligands for transition metal catalysts with improved carbene-to-metal donation. In this work, such alkylated imidazoles were synthesized and complexed with silver(I) by means of an eight/nine-step synthetic pathway we devised to...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201500234

    authors: Sandtorv AH,Leitch C,Bedringaas SL,Gjertsen BT,Bjørsvik HR

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • Analogues of Dehydroacetic Acid as Selective and Potent Agonists of an Ectopic Odorant Receptor through a Combination of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interactions.

    abstract::Identification of potent agonists of odorant receptors (ORs), a major class of G protein-coupled receptors, remains challenging due to complex receptor-ligand interactions. ORs are present in both olfactory and non-chemosensory tissues, indicating roles beyond odor detection that may include modulating physiological f...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201600612

    authors: Park BB,Lee N,Kim Y,Jae Y,Choi S,Kang N,Hong YR,Ok K,Cho J,Jeon YH,Lee EH,Byun Y,Koo J

    更新日期:2017-04-06 00:00:00

  • Development of peptide and small-molecule HIV-1 fusion inhibitors that target gp41.

    abstract::It has been 25 years since the development of the first efficient HIV-1/AIDS treatment. Scientists now know more about the HIV-1 infection life cycle, and more than 30 antiretroviral drugs have been developed, including HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Fundamental work was begun in the early 1990s and led to the development o...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201000289

    authors: Cai L,Jiang S

    更新日期:2010-11-08 00:00:00

  • An efficient synthesis of quinoxalinone derivatives as potent inhibitors of aldose reductase.

    abstract::A novel and facile synthesis of quinoxalinone derivatives was developed in which a wide range of 3-chloroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones as key intermediates can be generated chemo- and regioselectively in good yields from corresponding quinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-diones. This new protocol is arguably superior, as it allows the desi...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201200054

    authors: Yang Y,Zhang S,Wu B,Ma M,Chen X,Qin X,He M,Hussain S,Jing C,Ma B,Zhu C

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Integration of Multiple Analytical and Computational Tools for the Discovery of High-Potency Enzyme Inhibitors from Herbal Medicines.

    abstract::Herbal medicines (HMs) are an important source of drugs. In this study, an efficient strategy integrating ultrafiltration LC-MS, microplate bioassays, and molecular docking was proposed to screen high-potency enzyme inhibitors from HMs. Using this strategy, the structure-activity relationships (SARs) including binding...

    journal_title:ChemMedChem

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cmdc.201600489

    authors: Song HP,Wang H,Liang JX,Qian C,Wu SQ,Xu WJ,Wu B,Liu XG,Li P,Yang H

    更新日期:2016-12-06 00:00:00