Common E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals Impair Neutrophil Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst.

abstract：:An N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) moiety [CH3N(N=O)C(=O)NH-] linked to the C4'-position of the 5-substituted phenyl ring of phenyl neutral red (PNR), 2-methyl-3-amino-5-[p-[[2-[(N-nitroso-N-methylcarbamoyl)amino]ethy l] carbamoyl]phenyl]-7-(dimethylamino)phenazenium chloride (MNU-PNR), has been synthesized as an approac...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Mehta P,Church K,Williams J,Chen FX,Encell L,Shuker DE,Gold B

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present work aimed to elucidate whether the toxic effects of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were associated with oxidative stress (OS) and what mechanisms may have contributed to this OS. Cells exposed to NiO NPs accumulated superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, whi...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sousa CA,Soares HMVM,Soares EV

更新日期：2018-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Platinum group metals (PGMs) is a group of metals that include platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium. Occupational respiratory exposure to platinum has been reported since 1945, but studies investigating occupational exposure to palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium are scarce. This...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Linde SJL,Franken A,du Plessis JL

更新日期：2017-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:This study addresses the detection and characterization of the modification of human serum albumin (HSA) by amoxicillin (AX) in ex vivo samples from healthy subjects under oral amoxicillin administration (acute intake of 1 g every 8 h for 48 h). To reach this goal, we used an analytical strategy based on targeted and ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Garzon D,Ariza A,Regazzoni L,Clerici R,Altomare A,Sirtori FR,Carini M,Torres MJ,Pérez-Sala D,Aldini G

更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical and structural alterations to lysozyme (LYSO), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and bovine eye lens proteins (BLP) promoted by peroxyl radicals generated by the thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) under aerobic conditions were investigated. SDS-PAGE analysis of...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Arenas A,López-Alarcón C,Kogan M,Lissi E,Davies MJ,Silva E

更新日期：2013-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, human glutathione transferases (GSTs) of alpha class have been assayed with the ultimate carcinogenic (-)-anti- and (+)-syn-diol epoxides (DEs) derived from the nonplanar dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBPDE) and the (+)-anti-diol epoxide of the planar benzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE] in the presence of glutathione ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dreij K,Sundberg K,Johansson AS,Nordling E,Seidel A,Persson B,Mannervik B,Jernström B

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Double-strand breaks are widely accepted to be the most toxic form of DNA damage. Molecules that produce double-strand breaks via a single chemical event are typically very cytotoxic and far less common than those that form single-strand breaks. It was recently reported that a commonly formed C4'-radical produces doub...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Taverna Porro ML,Greenberg MM

更新日期：2015-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a widespread cause of workers' disabilities. Although some substances found in the workplace are rigorously tested, the potential of the vast majority of chemicals to cause skin sensitization remains unknown. At the same time, exhaustive testing of all chemicals in workplaces is co...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Fedorowicz A,Singh H,Soderholm S,Demchuk E

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitroaromatic compounds represent a major class of industrial chemicals that are also found in nature. Polycyclic derivatives are regarded as potent mutagens and carcinogens following bioactivation to produce nitrenium electrophiles that covalently modify DNA to afford N-linked C8-2'-deoxyguanosine (C8-dG) lesions tha...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Manning TW,Al-Abdul-Wahid MS,Manderville RA,Josephy PD,Kung RW,Wetmore SD

更新日期：2020-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:5'-d(CCTATAGATATCC) was reacted with each syn-enantiomer of trans-7,8-dihydroxy 9,10-epoxy 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (syn-BPDE). The (-)-enantiomer yielded one dominating adduct, whereas the (+)-enantiomer resulted in two major adducts. As indicated by optical spectroscopic methods, the major adduct derived fr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pontén I,Seidel A,Gräslund A,Jernström B

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (AP) is a popularly recommended over-the-counter analgesic-antipyretic in clinical use. However, the drug is handicapped by the occurrence of hepatotoxic insult following acute ingestion. Consequently, AP-induced hepatotoxicity is often implicated in accidental or suicidal overdose. In the current study,...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sahu A,Das D,Sahu P,Mishra S,Sakthivel A,Gajbhiye A,Agrawal R

更新日期：2020-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous in the environment and is reported to be present at high concentrations in placental tissue, where its presence raises concerns over its potential to disrupt placental function. This report investigates how BPA interferes with the survival of human choriocarcinoma BeWo cells (a model of...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ponniah M,Billett EE,De Girolamo LA

更新日期：2015-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:A potentiometric and spectroscopic (UV/vis and CD) study of Cu(II) and Ni(II) binding to the N-terminal pentadecapeptide of human protamine HP2 (HP2(1-15)) was performed. The results indicate that the N-terminal tripeptide motif Arg-Thr-His is the exclusive binding site for both metal ions at a metal to HP2(1-15) mola...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Bal W,Jezowska-Bojczuk M,Kasprzak KS

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen on tissue concentrations of CoA in the thiol form (CoASH) and as the corresponding mixed disulfide with GSH (CoASSG) were determined to test the hypotheses that early oxidant effects of acetaminophen are expressed principally in the mitochondrial compartment and that o...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rogers LK,Valentine CJ,Szczpyka M,Smith CV

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolism of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was investigated in five human volunteers given a dietary equivalent of 14C-labeled MeIQx. The amount of the dose excreted in urine ranged from 20.2% to 58.6%, with unmetabolized MeIQx accounting for 0.7-2.8% of the dose. Five principal metabolite...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Turesky RJ,Garner RC,Welti DH,Richoz J,Leveson SH,Dingley KH,Turteltaub KW,Fay LB

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA) is a mutagenic lesion and biomarker observed in numerous cancerous tissues. Two pathways are responsible for its repair: base excision repair (BER) and direct reversal repair (DRR). Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) is the primary enzyme that excises εA in BER, generating stable intermediates ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Caffrey PJ,Kher R,Bian K,Li D,Delaney S

更新日期：2020-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Organic electrophiles have been recognized as important components of the exposome that can be characterized as cumulative totality of exposure in the organism in response to environmental perturbation. For such compounds, chemical reactivity may contribute significantly to the toxicological profile through covalent a...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Böhme A,Laqua A,Schüürmann G

更新日期：2016-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:For decades, many studies have linked maternal smoking to an increased risk of preterm birth. As a result, the scientific community has long hypothesized that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), commonly referred to as second-hand smoke, is also associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Multiple s...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Elkin ER,O'Neill MS

更新日期：2017-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells respond to stress by controlling gene expression at several levels, with little known about the role of translation. Here, we demonstrate a coordinated translational stress response system involving stress-specific reprogramming of tRNA wobble modifications that leads to selective translation of codon-biased mRN...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chan CT,Deng W,Li F,DeMott MS,Babu IR,Begley TJ,Dedon PC

更新日期：2015-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the protective responses observed for flavonoids in the gastrointestinal track resemble aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated effects. Therefore, we examined the structure-activity relationships of isoflavones and isomeric flavone and flavanones as AhR ligands on the basis of their induction of CYP1A1, CYP1...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Park H,Jin UH,Orr AA,Echegaray SP,Davidson LA,Allred CD,Chapkin RS,Jayaraman A,Lee K,Tamamis P,Safe S

更新日期：2019-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens, including the natural hormones estrone (E(1)) and estradiol (E(2)), are thought to be involved in tumor induction. Specifically, catechol estrogen quinones (CEQs) derived from the catechol estrogens 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE(1)) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE(2)) react with DNA and form DNA adducts (Cavalieri,...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jankowiak R,Markushin Y,Cavalieri EL,Small GJ

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the measurement of aflatoxin biomarkers in urine has been developed and validated. The two major aflatoxin-DNA adducts formed in rat tissues, aflatoxin N(7)-guanine and its imidazole ring opened derivative, 8,9-dihydro-8-(2,6-diami...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Walton M,Egner P,Scholl PF,Walker J,Kensler TW,Groopman JD

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our long-term oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) in rats revealed that three unidentified metabolites, M-1, M-2, and M-3, were detected in urine and feces. DMAV and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were converted to M-2 and M-3 and M-1 by Escherichia coli strain A3-6 isolated from the ceca of DMAV-administ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yoshida K,Kuroda K,Zhou X,Inoue Y,Date Y,Wanibuchi H,Fukushima S,Endo G

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to aristolochic acid I (AAI) is associated with aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy, and urothelial cancer. Individual differences in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities are likely to be a reason for interindividual susceptibility to AA-induced disease. We evaluated the reductive a...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Arlt VM,Levová K,Bárta F,Shi Z,Evans JD,Frei E,Schmeiser HH,Nebert DW,Phillips DH,Stiborová M

更新日期：2011-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrazyl radical intermediates have been suggested as important intermediates in the biochemistry of hydrazides and hydrazines. Although spin-trapping studies have intercepted those species previously, there has been no report of the direct observation of the unstable hydrazyl radicals of isoniazid and iproniazid. We ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sipe HJ Jr,Jaszewski AR,Mason RP

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of (alkylthio)trifluoropropanones containing a heterocyclic moiety was synthesized. The compounds were tested for in vitro inhibition of four hydrolytic enzymes including insect juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE), yeast lipase (LP), and bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. The I50 values r...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Székács A,Halarnkar PP,Olmstead MM,Prag KA,Hammock BD

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Marine toxins such as brevetoxins and ciguatoxins are produced by dinoflagellates and can accumulate in seafood. These toxins affect humans through seafood consumption. Intoxication is mainly characterized by gastrointestinal and neurological disorders and, in most severe cases, by cardiovascular problems. To prevent ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Louzao MC,Vieytes MR,Yasumoto T,Botana LM

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (OdG) is an abundant DNA lesion produced during oxidative damage to DNA. It can form relatively stable base pairs with both dC and dA that mimic natural dG:dC and dT:dA base pairs, respectively. Thus, when in the template strand, OdG can direct the insertion of either dCTP or dATP during replic...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hamm ML,Crowley KA,Ghio M,Lindell MA,McFadden EJ,Silberg JS,Weaver AM

更新日期：2012-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent guidance on "Safety Testing of Drug Metabolites" issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) has highlighted the importance of identifying and characterizing drug metabolites as early as possible in drug discovery and development. Furthermore, upon identif...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Vishwanathan K,Babalola K,Wang J,Espina R,Yu L,Adedoyin A,Talaat R,Mutlib A,Scatina J

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) is a well-established hepatocarcinogen in the rat. NPYR requires metabolic activation by cytochrome P450-catalyzed alpha-hydroxylation to express its carcinogenic activity. This produces alpha-hydroxyNPYR (2), which spontaneously ring opens to 4-oxobutanediazohydroxide (4), a highly reactiv...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang M,Lao Y,Cheng G,Shi Y,Villalta PW,Hecht SS

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00