Abstract:
:Here we use a chromosome-level genome assembly of a prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis), together with Hi-C, RNA-seq, and whole-genome resequencing data, to study key features of genome biology and evolution in reptiles. We identify the rattlesnake Z Chromosome, including the recombining pseudoautosomal region, and find evidence for partial dosage compensation driven by an evolutionary accumulation of a female-biased up-regulation mechanism. Comparative analyses with other amniotes provide new insight into the origins, structure, and function of reptile microchromosomes, which we demonstrate have markedly different structure and function compared to macrochromosomes. Snake microchromosomes are also enriched for venom genes, which we show have evolved through multiple tandem duplication events in multiple gene families. By overlaying chromatin structure information and gene expression data, we find evidence for venom gene-specific chromatin contact domains and identify how chromatin structure guides precise expression of multiple venom gene families. Further, we find evidence for venom gland-specific transcription factor activity and characterize a complement of mechanisms underlying venom production and regulation. Our findings reveal novel and fundamental features of reptile genome biology, provide insight into the regulation of snake venom, and broadly highlight the biological insight enabled by chromosome-level genome assemblies.
journal_name
Genome Resjournal_title
Genome researchauthors
Schield DR,Card DC,Hales NR,Perry BW,Pasquesi GM,Blackmon H,Adams RH,Corbin AB,Smith CF,Ramesh B,Demuth JP,Betrán E,Tollis M,Meik JM,Mackessy SP,Castoe TAdoi
10.1101/gr.240952.118subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
590-601issue
4eissn
1088-9051issn
1549-5469pii
gr.240952.118journal_volume
29pub_type
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