Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The transition zone between cheek superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and malar SMAS is difficult to raise because of proximity of zygomatic nerve branches. The authors attempted to clarify the three-dimensional anatomy of the retaining ligaments in relation to nerve branches in this area. METHODS:Facial dissection was performed on 22 cadaver hemifaces. The zygomatic and masseteric retaining ligaments and the zygomatic and buccal facial branches in the area of dissection were identified. Ninety-five percent confidence regions for the locations of the zygomaticus major origin and the main zygomatic retaining ligament and upper masseteric retaining ligament were created. RESULTS:The distribution, density, and size of the retaining ligaments varied. The main zygomatic and upper masseteric retaining ligaments were located at a mean distance of 44.91 ± 9.72 mm and 46.35 ± 8.34 mm from the tragus. An upper zygomatic branch passed between the main zygomatic and the upper masseteric retaining ligaments and was always located deep (4.07 ± 1.29 mm) in the sub-SMAS plane of dissection and passed deep under the upper third of the zygomaticus major muscle. An inferior zygomatic branch passed inferior to the upper masseteric retaining ligament or penetrated its inferior margin (54 percent of cases) and was located more superficially (1.41 ± 0.95 mm), becoming visible just distal to the ligament. CONCLUSIONS:Despite anatomical variation, the main zygomatic and upper masseteric retaining ligaments create a safe passage in between, through which a zygomatic facial branch passes deep. The area of danger is immediately inferomedial to the upper masseteric retaining ligament, where a zygomatic branch becomes superficial and vulnerable.
journal_name
Plast Reconstr Surgjournal_title
Plastic and reconstructive surgeryauthors
Alghoul M,Bitik O,McBride J,Zins JEdoi
10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182789c5csubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-02-01 00:00:00pages
245e-252eissue
2eissn
0032-1052issn
1529-4242pii
00006534-201302000-00039journal_volume
131pub_type
杂志文章abstract:LEARNING OBJECTIVES:Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Examine a nasal defect to determine its true dimension and outline and plan the appropriate timing of reconstruction. 2. Develop a surgical plan to restore normal dimension, volume, symmetry, and outline. 3. Deter...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182827bb3
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Large facial tissue defects are traditionally treated with staged conventional reconstruction. Facial allograft transplantation has emerged as a treatment modality. Facial allografts are procured from a dead donor and transplanted to the recipient. Recipients are then subjected to lifelong global immunosuppr...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000799
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although Tisseel (Baxter, Deerfield, Ill.) was introduced over 30 years ago, the literature remains scant regarding its use and efficacy in peripheral nerve repairs. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize current literature on this topic and discuss differences in clinical outcome between the us...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182131cf5
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have identified a subpopulation of craniosynostotic individuals who exhibit progressive or delayed-onset synostosis and mild craniofacial growth abnormalities. These individuals may be good candidates for nonextirpation, distraction osteogenesis therapy. The present study was designed to test this hypot...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Local anesthetic injection is often cited in literature as the most painful part of minor procedures. It is also very possible for all doctors to get better at giving local anesthesia with less pain for patients. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and simplify how to inject local anesthesia in an a...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31829ad1e2
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deformities of the adjacent facial bones are common with large vascular tumors. Most hemangiomas will resolve spontaneously, but the incidence of resolution appears to be quite low when the adjacent bones are affected. In these, we have used high dosage corticosteroid therapy in the early cases, particularly those inv...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197903000-00003
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clavicular nonunions with large bony defects, although rare, are difficult to treat and often result from multiple failed attempts at surgical management. Reconstruction using vascularized bone graft is the accepted standard in cases of large osseous defects. METHODS:An anatomical vascular corrosion study w...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000263537.57701.8b
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome is a devastating disease, with mortality rates ranging between 20 and 60 percent. This study evaluated an alternative treatment approach using antishear wound care and compared outcomes using the severity of illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (SCORTEN) s...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181773d5d
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our understanding of breast shape and size changes after surgery is limited by a lack of measurement studies that evaluate and compare changes in breast dimensions after cosmetic breast procedures. This study was undertaken to remedy this deficiency. METHODS:Women undergoing primary vertical mastopexy, augm...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182865e20
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reconstruction of a neck with a defect caused by radionecrosis sequelae using two rotation-advancement platysma myocutaneous flaps is presented. The thinness of the flaps, their accessibility, the lack of bulk, and the primary closure of the donor site, without functional or aesthetic problems, all render this techn...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199905060-00024
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our experience with 20 full-thickness cheek reconstruction in 17 patients over the past 27 years is presented. The evolution of techniques for management of full-thickness cheek defects reflects our gradual appreciation of the longitudinal artery concept within axial and musculocutaneous flap units. During the 1950s, ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198209000-00004
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:This is part IV of four articles describing the three-step principle for easy shaping of the breast in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery. This article may seem overdue because aesthetic corrections are routinely performed, frequently written about, and easier to execute, as no prior ablative surgery o...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181aeeb21
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The orbital floor is one of the most frequently damaged parts of the maxillofacial skeleton during facial trauma. Unfavorable aesthetic and functional outcomes are frequent when it is treated inadequately. The treatment consists of spanning the floor defect with a material that can provide structural support and resto...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000096704.34065.03
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Craniofacial osteotomies have by convention been bilamellar translocations of the entire substance of the dysmorphic bone. This approach limits the surgeon by reducing the stable bone mass available for fixation, creating dependence on concave surfaces. Most important, it changes the bony topography that determines th...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to decrease a 10 to 15 percent vascular thrombosis rate leading to graft occlusion, low-dose human-grade heparin was studied to determine if carefully monitored intravenous therapy would increase 7-day patency in a known potent thrombosis model. In New Zealand white rabbits, the type of infusate administ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198809000-00016
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Limited follow-up data on aesthetic outcome and survival after microsurgical reconstruction of complex scalp and forehead defects are available. These data are important to improve reconstruction quality and patient counseling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgical, aesthetic, and oncologic outc...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181de2260
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three-dimensional measurement and characterization of facial surface anatomy are fundamental to the objective analysis of facial deformity. However, existing clinical tools are inadequate. Recent innovations in laser scanning technology provide a potentially useful technique for accurate three-dimensional documentatio...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199608000-00004
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sternal clefting is an unusual congenital anomaly that should be repaired in early infancy. Early surgery is facilitated by a highly compliant bony thorax. The surgical technique is described, including the (1) removal of a wedge at the confluence of the two lateral sternal bands to allow their apposition, (2) intraop...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2004, the senior author (S.L.S.) published an algorithm for the management of breast device infection and/or exposure. The purpose of this study was to build on the authors' prior experience by expanding the cohort of patients and to identify risk factors for failed breast device salvage and recurrent inf...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181d17fff
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microtia is a congenital ear hypoplasia associated with auricular defects. Conventional treatment involves implanted costal cartilage. The impact of surgical invasion and donor-site morbidity can be particularly severe in pediatric patients, and the collectable volume of autologous cartilage is limited. The ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181b17c0e
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new muscle flap based on the ascending branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery is described. Twenty internal oblique muscle flaps have been dissected and studied in 10 fresh cadavers. This muscle flap has been used successfully as a free-tissue transfer in seven lower extremity defects. There was one loss of flap...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198405000-00001
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a blind, randomized study, two groups, each of seven rabbits, were treated with either a very low dose of human melanoma cell line-derived tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or isotonic saline. t-PA (0.067 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intraaortically, 20 percent being given as a 30-second "bolus" in...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subperiosteal endoscopic laser forehead lift is shown to be an effective tool for plastic surgeons. By combining the use of the carbon dioxide laser with the already established technique of endoscopic forehead lift, improved results are achieved. The technique of endoscopic forehead lifting lends itself to new ad...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199808000-00034
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toe-to-hand transfer was performed in 28 patients, involving 33 fingers, using microvascular technique. Of this number, 26 patients (31 fingers) had experienced trauma, and the remaining 2 patients (2 fingers) had a congenital deformity. The toew used for grafting were the great toe (1), the second tow (30), and thir...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198007000-00015
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A conchal floor composite flap pedicled by skin of the helical crus has been well described in the literature. Here the flap is elevated based on the supply by an upper auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery. In this article, a newly defined conchal floor arterial flap is proposed. The flap is based on th...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200207000-00010
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An algorithm for the management of sagittal synostosis in older children who underwent delayed cranial vault reconstruction is presented. This algorithm tailors the surgical approach to the specific craniofacial deformity present in each case. The scaphocephalic deformity characteristic of sagittal synostosis varies s...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200208000-00003
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a patient with electrical burns which resulted in loss of the right upper arm and a urinary bladder fistula. A jump flap was used to cover the repaired bladder, and also to cover the stump of the amputated right arm. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197803000-00026
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgery is accepted as one of the most demanding professions that create both physical and mental strain on the performers. Therefore, the authors aimed to elucidate the mental burden of surgeons, which is dedicated to operative stress. They also tested the hypotheses that participating in surgery creates mental stres...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000133166.50279.7c
更新日期:2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Free vascularized bone grafts have revolutionized mandibular reconstruction, yet their use in all mandibulectomy patients is not always necessary. A recently developed alternative to bony reconstruction has been the use of the AO reconstruction plate. We compared the use of the AO reconstruction plate with immediate f...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199110000-00005
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent recommendations by the American Cancer Society have focused attention on the value of screening mammography in the detection of occult breast cancers. This has resulted in a proliferation of "walk in" and mobile mammography screening clinics and a barrage of publicity aimed at women aged 40 and over. Among thes...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00