Analysis of interactions between intraflagellar transport proteins.

abstract：:Ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated protein degradation is a key cellular defense mechanism that detects and eliminates defective proteins. A major intracellular site of protein quality control degradation is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hence the term ER-associated degradation, or endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mashahreh B,Reiss Y,Wiener R,Ravid T

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work demonstrates that RNA interference (RNAi) can coordinate protein expression. Inhibitory RNAs are expressed naturally in cells as microRNAs (miRNAs) or introduced into cells as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Both types of small RNAs can be used at the bench to silence mRNA expression. For many researchers...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Davidson BL,Harper SQ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications. Numerous biological functions are related to protein glycosylation. However, analytical challenges remain in the glycoprotein analysis. To overcome the challenges associated with glycoprotein analysis, many analytical techniques were d...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Zhu R,Zacharias L,Wooding KM,Peng W,Mechref Y

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microsatellite markers are quickly becoming the molecular marker of choice for studies of parentage and kinship in animals. In this chapter, we review methods and give protocols for screening potential microsatellite markers, as well as protocols for genotyping individuals with useful markers once they have been ident...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Webster MS,Reichart L

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The breakthrough discovery that double-stranded RNA of 21 nucleotides in length (referred to as short or small interfering RNA; siRNA) can trigger sequence-specific gene silencing in mammalian cells has led to the development of a powerful new approach to study gene function (Dillon et al., 2005; Dykxhoorn et al., 200...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Janas J,Skowronski J,Van Aelst L

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ADP-ribosylation factor domain protein 1 (ARD1) is a multifunctional protein that belongs to the family of 20-kDa ARF proteins. The ARD1 gene encodes a 64-kDa protein with a structure comprising an 18-kDa ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) domain at the C-terminus (amino acids 403-574), and a 46-kDa N-terminal domain (amin...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Vichi A,Moss J,Vaughan M

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When isolating ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes by an affinity selection approach, tagging the RNA component can prove to be strategically important. This is especially true for purifying single types of snoRNPs, because in most cases the snoRNA is thought to be the only unique component. Here, we present a general s...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Piekna-Przybylska D,Liu B,Fournier MJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane proteins (MPs) are insoluble in aqueous media as a result of incompatibility between the hydrophilic property of the solvent molecules and the hydrophobic nature of MP surfaces, normally associated with lipid membranes. Amphipathic compounds are necessary for extraction of these macromolecules from the native...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Sadaf A,Cho KH,Byrne B,Chae PS

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitination is a prevalent protein modification catalyzed by E1, E2, and E3 enzymes that activate, conjugate, and ligate, respectively, the ubiquitin protein to substrate protein. In order to establish a mutualistic or parasitic relationship with their eukaryotic hosts, many microorganisms hijack different aspects ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Qiu J,Luo ZQ

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aliphatic carbon-halogen (C-X) bonds are prevalent in modern pharmaceuticals and bioactive natural products. Three distinct chemical strategies are known in Nature to generate these structural motifs. The first is via the nucleophilic substitution at a prefunctionalized electrophilic carbon center with a halide anion ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Liu X

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paraquat (PQ) is a prototypical redox cycling agent commonly used experimentally to generate reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Recently, PQ has also come under investigation as a potential environmental neurotoxin associated with increased risk for neurodegenerative disease developing after chronic exposur...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Drechsel DA,Patel M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The findings in this article illustrate the complexity residing in the regulation of reversible S-glutathionylation of proteins, such as GAPDH. This is clearly reflected in the design of suitable experimental approaches designed to cope with the interaction of several redox-dependent factors. Clear interactions are de...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Cotgreave IA,Gerdes R,Schuppe-Koistinen I,Lind C

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic stem (ES) cells are cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst stage embryo. These self-renewing multipotent cells are able to differentiate to the three embryonic germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm, and are thus able to produce virtually all cell types. The ES cell capacity to gen...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Goldberg-Cohen I,Beck G,Ziskind A,Itskovitz-Eldor J

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are essential tools in modern biological research, and recent advances in fluorescent proteins (FPs) have expanded the scope of sensor design and implementation. In this review we compare different sensor platforms, including Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors, flu...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Sanford L,Palmer A

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases is far beyond being satisfactory. In addition to highly complex disease mechanisms, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) also remains as a challenge by limiting the delivery of the majority of currently available therapeutics to the central nervous system. Severa...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yemişci M,Gürsoy-Özdemir Y,Caban S,Bodur E,Capan Y,Dalkara T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) provides a sensitive and accurate means by which to study the thermodynamics of binding reactions. In addition, it enables label-free measurement of enzymatic reactions. The advent of extremely sensitive microcalorimeters have made it increasingly valuable as a tool for hit valid...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Recht MI,Nienaber V,Torres FE

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microtubule (MT)-based motor proteins transport many cellular factors to their functionally relevant locations within cells, and defects in transport are linked to human disease. Understanding the mechanism and regulation of this transport process in living cells is difficult because of the complex in vivo environment...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Barak P,Rai A,Dubey AK,Rai P,Mallik R

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of the signal transduction pathways, such as those controlled by Ras, is in large part to ensure highly stringent regulation of the target genes in the nucleus, which are collectively responsible for the signal output, or phenotypes, of the cell. Understanding of the Ras effect ultimately requires the identif...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Jo H,Cho YJ,Zhang H,Liang P

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fact that chemical exchange processes occur at rates that cover a broad range and produce readily detectable effects on the spectrum is one of the attractive features of high-resolution NMR. The description of these line shapes in the presence of spin-spin coupling requires the density matrix theory which is rathe...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Rao BD

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although most eukaryotic mRNAs are degraded by exonucleases acting on either end of the molecule, a subset of mRNAs undergo endonuclease cleavage within the mRNA body. Endonuclease cleavage can be activated by cellular stress, extracellular signals, or by ribosome stalling, as might occur at a premature termination co...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Otsuka Y,Schoenberg DR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter outlines the approaches and techniques that can be used to analyze the regulation of antibiotic production in streptomycetes. It describes how to isolate antibiotic nonproducing and overproducing mutants by UV, nitrosoguanidine (NTG), transposon, and insertion mutagenesis, and then how to use those mutant...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bibb M,Hesketh A

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone chaperones-key actors in the dynamic organization of chromatin-interact with the various histone variants to ensure their transfer in and out of chromatin. In vitro chromatin assembly assays and isolation of protein complexes using tagged histone variants provided first clues concerning their binding specifici...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Clément C,Vassias I,Ray-Gallet D,Almouzni G

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately one-third of all newly translated polypeptides interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an event that is essential to target these nascent proteins to distinct compartments within the cell or to the extracellular milieu. Thus, the ER houses molecular chaperones that augment the folding of this diver...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Brodsky JL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biominerals have complex and heterogeneous architectures, hence diffraction experiments with spatial resolutions between 500 nm and 10 μm are extremely useful to characterize them. X-ray beams in this size range are now routinely produced at many synchrotrons. This chapter provides a review of the different hard X-ray...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tamura N,Gilbert PU

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As for other GPCRs, the oligomerization of glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHRs) appears as critical event for receptor function. By means of modern techniques based on the BRET or FRET principle, GPHR oligomerization has been reported to explain several physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, the p...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bonomi M,Persani L

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ADP-ribosylation is a protein post-translational modification that is critically involved in a wide array of biological processes connected to cell stress responses. Enzymes known as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the addition of the ADP-ribose units to amino acids with various side chain chemistries. In...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Li P,Zhen Y,Yu Y

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative structural conservation of "internal glycans" in the cell walls of pathogens suggests that they might as target epitopes less prone to variation and hence with greater potential universality as vaccine targets. Examples of such glycans include the inner core sugars of lipopolysaccharides in Gram-negative ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lakshminarayanan A,Vijayakrishnan B,Bayley H,Davis BG

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past 19 years, we have developed a novel myxoma virus-derived anti-inflammatory serine protease inhibitor, termed a serpin, as a new class of immunomodulatory therapeutic. This review will describe the initial identification of viral serpins with anti-inflammatory potential, beginning with preclinical analysi...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Chen H,Zheng D,Davids J,Bartee MY,Dai E,Liu L,Petrov L,Macaulay C,Thoburn R,Sobel E,Moyer R,McFadden G,Lucas A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tubulin is known to form high-affinity complexes with certain G proteins. The formation of such complexes allows tubulin to activate Galpha and fosters a system whereby elements of the cytoskeleton can influence G-protein signaling. This article describes the interaction between tubulin and G proteins and discusses me...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Rasenick MM,Donati RJ,Popova JS,Yu JZ

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organ-specific delivery of biofunctional agents is thought to enhance their activity and to reduce their side effects. Liposomes have been used as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy, since they accumulate passively in tumor tissues due to an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, modification...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Asai T,Oku N

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00