Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized as the most frequent type of cancer in males. Recent research has suggested patients who have diabetes mellitus taking metformin (MF) have a lower risk of PCa. MF has antineoplastic effects such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and independent mechanisms, suppression of androgen signaling pathway, and alterations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathways that cause the growth and proliferation of PCa. Based on epidemiological factors, patients with diabetes mellitus may have a protective effect on PCa. METHODS:A literature search on MEDLINE® was conducted using a combined query of "prostate cancer" and "metformin" to yield publications unveiling the mechanisms of action, biological effects, epidemiological evidence, and research advances of MF with respect to PCa. RESULTS:Evidence has shown that MF has multiple antineoplastic effects through AMPK-dependent and independent mechanisms, the alteration of IGF-1 signaling pathways, suppression of the androgen receptor pathway, inhibition of the mTOR pathway, and lipogenesis. Conduction of meta-analysis suggests mortality benefit to patients who exhibit PCa when taking MF. Clinical trials have shown evidence, demonstrating MF to improving significantly. CONCLUSIONS:Herewith we review the literature regarding the numerous mechanisms of action of MF on PCa in order to decrease or repress the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of PCa cells. We analyze the molecular impacts of MF as well as adjunct therapies such as androgen deprivation therapy, aspirin, statin, or chemotherapy, proposing that MF may have a future role in the treatment protocol of PCa whether as a monotherapy or in combination with other drugs.
journal_name
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Disjournal_title
Prostate cancer and prostatic diseasesauthors
Zaidi S,Gandhi J,Joshi G,Smith NL,Khan SAdoi
10.1038/s41391-018-0085-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-01 00:00:00pages
351-361issue
3eissn
1365-7852issn
1476-5608pii
10.1038/s41391-018-0085-2journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This session included five presentations in the areas of pathology of precursor lesions and carcinoma of the prostate, the value of determining neovascularity in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer, new 'molecular' markers, correlation between pre- and postoperative Gleason scores and a study dealing with tra...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500277
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To evaluate the safety and clinical feasibility of focal irreversible electroporation (IRE) of the prostate. METHODS:We assessed the toxicity profile and functional outcomes of consecutive patients undergoing focal IRE for localised prostate cancer in two centres. Eligibility was assessed by multi-parametri...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2014.33
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rectum and bladder are the crucial organs at risk for curative radiation therapy of localized prostate cancer. We analyzed the incidence, profile and time course of late rectal radiation toxicity. A total of 320 patients with T1-3 prostate cancer were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT)...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2009.56
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, studies have investigated the significance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in prostate cancer. The transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR) is modulated by interaction with coregulators, one of which is β-catenin. Curcumin, a dietary yellow pigment of Curcuma longa, has emerged as having a chemopr...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2010.26
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the differential expression of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) in prostate carcinoma (PCa), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) lesions and normal prostatic tissues by immunohistochemistry; and to test the hypothesis that upre...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500995
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prostate cancer has been known to run in families for about 40 years and epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk to close relatives of cases. This risk rises markedly when the closeness and number of cases in a cluster increases. There has been considerable debate about the genetic model, in partic...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500279
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An increased molecular understanding of localized prostate cancer and the improved ability for molecular testing of pathologic tissue has led to the development of multiple clinical assays. Here we review the relevant molecular biology of localized prostate cancer, currently available tissue-based tests and describe w...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/pcan.2015.31
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Unlike in other mouse models of atherogenesis, it has recently been suggested that orchiectomy plays a role in accelerating atherosclerosis and inhibiting the progression of cardiovascular disease in the ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mouse model of hyperglycemia. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatmen...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41391-020-00288-y
更新日期：2020-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this paper is to review the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, a recently discovered group of caspase inhibitors. We will briefly review the relevance of apoptosis in prostate cancer and some of the control mechanisms, before describing the structure, function and regulation of these molecules. Lastly, we wi...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500502
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that in multifocal prostate cancer (PCa), focal therapy to the largest (index) lesion is sufficient, because secondary non-index lesions are unlikely to contribute to disease progression. In this study, the role of PCa focality in selecting men for focal therapy was evaluated. A histopathological...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2010.16
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (NAD) in high-risk prostate cancer patients receiving high-dose radiotherapy (RT) remains unstudied. To evaluate the effect of a course of NAD, we reviewed the experiences of three institutions treating these patients with combined RT and high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR)....
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500882
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have identified a novel function for a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) protein super-family, TRPM2, in prostate cancer cell proliferation. TRPM2 encodes a non-selective cation-permeable ion channel. We found that selectively knocking down TRPM2 with the small interfering RNA technique inhibited the...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2009.55
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess the added value of biopsy factors, like maximum cancer length in a core (MCL), cumulative cancer length (CCL), cumulative length of positive cores (CLPC), percentage of cancer involvement in positive cores (CIPC) and the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria i...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2015.26
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Treatment of high-risk prostate cancer has evolved considerably over the past two decades, yet patients with very-high-risk features may still experience poor outcome despite aggressive therapy. We review the contemporary literature focusing on current definitions, role of modern imaging and treatment altern...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/pcan.2016.40
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to evaluate how serum testosterone level (T) can affect urinary continence and erectile function in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). We included 257 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, those who had filled out preoperative quality of life questionnaires (...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2010.4
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether quantitative flow cytometric androgen receptor density expression (MFC ratio) in prostate cancer was associated with S-phase fraction. METHODS:Flow cytometry was performed to determine DNA aneuploidy, S-phase fraction, percentage of androgen receptor (AR)-positive cells, and MFC ratio in p...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500672
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to evaluate factors of progression after radical prostatectomy in patients with bladder neck invasion (BNI). From 1988 to 2006, 1395 patients underwent radical prostatectomy, 120 (8.6%) had microscopic BNI (pT4 N0, TNM 2002). Group 1 was defined as BNI alone, group 2 as BNI plus extracapsular ...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4501009
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) is a thermal ablation method that uses needles and low radiofrequency (RF) energy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the histopathology of thermal lesions induced by RF energy delivered interstitially in prostate cancer patients who subsequently underwent prostatect...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500877
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether needle size influences a patient's perception of pain, 50 patients requiring hormonal manipulation for prostate cancer were blindfolded and randomised to receive two goserelin ('Zoladex') or two leuprorelin ('Prostap') injections, using 16- or 23-gauge needles, respectively. Median visual analogue...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500778
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Emerging evidence suggests that diabetes may increase the risk of cancers. However, available evidence on prostate cancer is conflicting. We therefore examined the association between Type 2 diabetes and risk of prostate cancer by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of all studies published regarding this su...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1038/pcan.2012.40
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Preclinical studies showing that pomegranate juice and its components inhibit prostate cancer led to multiple clinical trials to determine whether pomegranate products could slow the growth of prostate cancer. This review summarizes the preclinical data and discusses the results of the clinical trials. METH...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/pcan.2017.19
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Certain patients presenting with either low or very-low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) can represent a therapeutic dilemma for physicians. The oncologic outcomes of active surveillance (AS) for men with very-low-risk PCa are overall excellent. However, there are concerns about AS related to the potential for upg...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/pcan.2016.56
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To describe practice patterns of primary care physicians (PCPs) for the diagnosis, treatment and management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), we surveyed 556 PCPs in Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles (RR=52%). Only 62% reported ever seeing a patient like the one described in the vignette. I...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2009.9
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several treatment options for clinically localized prostate cancer currently exist under the established guidelines. We aim to assess nationally representative trends in treatment over time and determine potential geographic variation using two large national claims registries. METHODS:Men with prostate can...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2015.3
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the difference in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)-Relapse Free Survival (RFS) in patients (pts) with prostate cancer treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) alone (monotherapy) or combined modality PPB and external radiotherapy (CMT) by a matched pair analysis. There were 1476 pts who were treat...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500552
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several randomized control trials (RCTs) have showed that adding either abiraterone acetate (AA) or docetaxel (D) to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) improves survival of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients (mCSPC). Yet, the cost-effectiveness of these treatment options has not been fu...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41391-019-0161-2
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Side effects accompanying androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), including sarcopenia, loss of bone mass and reduction in muscle strength, can compromise physical function, particularly in older patients. Exercise, specifically resistance training, may be an effective and cost-efficient strategy to limit or even reverse ...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500975
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As high grade PIN is commonly associated with concomitant cancer, current literature recommends re-biopsy of patients with high grade PIN. This paper describes the prevalence of high grade prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN) from three independent clinical settings, reported by a single pathologist (MCP). High ...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.pcan.4500210
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common problem with unclear etiology. Some diet and lifestyle factors were thought to correlate with CP/CPPS, but studies comprehensively investigate this correlation are rarely available. The current study was conducted to determine the potenti...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2015.57
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Focal therapy is an emerging mini-invasive treatment modality for localized prostate cancer aimed to reduce the morbidity associated with radical therapy while maintaining optimal cancer control. We report the mid-term oncological and functional results of primary hemiablation high-intensity focused ultrasou...
journal_title：Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pcan.2015.55
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
