Abstract：
:Cysteine is one of the two key sulfur-containing amino acids with important functions in redox homeostasis, protein functionality and metabolism. Cysteine is taken up by mammals via their diet and can also be derived from methionine via the transsulfuration pathway. The cellular concentration of cysteine is kept within a narrow range by controlling its synthesis and degradation. There are two pathways for the catabolism of cysteine leading to sulfate, taurine and thiosulfate as terminal products. The oxidative pathway produces taurine and sulfate, while the H2 S pathway involves different enzymatic reactions leading to the formation and clearance of H2 S, an important signalling molecule in mammals, resulting in thiosulfate and sulfate. Sulfite is a common intermediate in both catabolic pathways. Sulfite is considered as cytotoxic and produces neurotoxic S-sulfonates. As a result, a deficiency in the terminal steps of cysteine or H2 S catabolism leads to severe forms of encephalopathy with the accumulation of sulfite and H2 S in the body. This review links the homeostatic regulation of both cysteine catabolic pathways to sulfite and H2 S. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Kohl JB,Mellis AT,Schwarz Gdoi
10.1111/bph.14464subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-01 00:00:00pages
554-570issue
4eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
176pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:1. Daily i.p. administration, for eight days, of the cholinesterase inhibitor disulfoton to rats produced mild to moderate signs of intoxication (tremors, incontinence and diarrhoea) but no deaths.2. Segments of ileum taken from the treated rats were subsensitive to carbachol but the vas deferens and the uterus did no...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08350.x
更新日期：1973-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The effects of microiontophoretically applied morphine and its interactions with the effects of microiontophoretic applications of either acetylcholine, (-)-noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine have been studied on single neurones in the brain stem of rats anaesthetized with urethane.2 Morphine excited or inhibited ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09591.x
更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For almost three decades intrathecal baclofen therapy has been the standard treatment for spinal cord injury spasticity when oral medication is ineffective or produces serious side effects. Although intrathecal baclofen therapy has a good clinical benefit-risk ratio for spinal spasticity, tolerance and the life-threat...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00964.x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The novel bradykinin antagonist, HOE 140, completely blocked the fall in rabbit blood pressure caused, not only by i.v. bradykinin, but also by i.v. kallikrein. This shows that both the effects of exogenously administered bradykinin and those of endogenously released kinins are antagonized by HOE 140. 2. Acute panc...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb12751.x
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Strips of human pulmonary arteries from patients undergoing surgery for lung tumour were incubated with [3H]-noradrenaline. Subsequently, they were superfused with physiological salt solution containing cocaine and corticosterone. Tritium overflow from the strips was stimulated by transmural electrical impulses (2 Hz)...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1985.tb11094.x
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of chemically detoxified E. coli endotoxins and membrane-active agents to modify the toxicity of native E. coli endotoxin in vivo was examined. The time- and dose-dependent increase in plasma acid phosphatase activity following toxin administration to rats provided a convenient quantitative measure of in v...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb11015.x
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Caerulein displayed a potent stimulant action on pancreatic secretion in the dog. Threshold doses were 1-5 ng/kg by rapid intravenous injection, 0.25-1 ng/kg per min by intravenous infusion and 50-100 ng/kg by subcutaneous injection. There was a conspicuous increase not only in the volume flow of pancreatic juice b...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1969.tb09537.x
更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Eleven analogues of sodium cromoglycate have been tested for their ability to suppress histamine release induced by anti-IgE from passively sensitized human lung fragments in vitro. 2 With the exception of WY 16922, which released histamine at high concentrations, all inhibited histamine release in a linear dose-rel...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1980.tb07937.x
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 A method is described for repeated sampling of plasma noradrenaline (NA) in freely moving rats. Na concentration does not change during the day or after adrenalectomy. 2 Exogenous NA has a half-life of 1.5 min; drugs which block neuronal and extra-neuronal uptake lengthen this to 6.3 min. 3 Swim-stress leads to a st...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb17305.x
更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The activity pattern of analogues of the enkephalins was determined in four parallel assays, the inhibition of the electrically evoked contraction of the guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens at 36 degrees C and the inhibition of [(3)H]-naltrexone and [(3)H]-leucine-enkephalin binding at 0 to 4 degrees C in homoge...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1980.tb10422.x
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Rat isolated perfused hearts with the right sympathetic nerves attached were loaded with [3H]-(-)-noradrenaline. The nerves were stimulated with up to 40 trains of 10 pulses every min at 1 Hz, and the evoked increases of [3H-]noradrenaline overflow into the perfusate, of right atrial tension development and ventricu...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb10502.x
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 N-2-Chlorethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP 4) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally, produced a long-term decrease in the capacity of brain homogenates to accumulate noradrenaline with significant effect 8 months after the injection. It had no effect on the noradrenaline uptake in homogenates from the striatu...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb08619.x
更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Endocannabinoids play an important role in modulating spinal nociceptive signalling, crucial for the development of pain. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the TRPV1 cation channel are both activated by the endocannabinoid anandamide, a product of biosynthesis from the endogenous lipid precursor N...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.13849
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The adenosine 2B (A2B) receptor is the predominant adenosine receptor expressed in the colon. Acting through the A2B receptor, adenosine mediates chloride secretion, as well as fibronectin and interleukin (IL)-6 synthesis and secretion in intestinal epithelial cells. A2B receptor mRNA and protein...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjp.2008.227
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 A study was made of desensitization in chronically denervated and in normally innervated mouse soleus muscles. 2 Very high concentrations of acetylcholine produced small contractions of the innervated muscles; these were reduced in size when the addition was repeated 1 min after wash-out. 3 Desensitization in innerv...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07620.x
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), an important inflammatory mediator, has been shown to regulate COX-2 production and promote various cellular responses such as cell migration. Mevastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA), effectively inhibits inflammatory responses...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.13326
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Two quinozalinediones, FG9041 and FG9065, which had previously been shown to displace binding to the quisqualate receptor, were tested on rat neocortex and frog spinal cord in vitro against depolarizations induced by quisqualate, kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). In both preparations effects of quisqualate w...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11680.x
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Dose-dependent vasodilator responses to dopamine, isoprenaline, noradrenaline, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and sodium nitroprusside were obtained in isolated perfused mesentery preparations, taken from reserpine-treated rats of different ages. The preparations were pretreated with phenoxybenzamine (1 microM)...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb16895.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have investigated the effects of the selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 4 inhibitor, rolipram (0.01-1 microM) on cytosolic Ca2+ fluxes in FMLP-activated human neutrophils, as well as on superoxide production by, and release of elastase from, these cells. 2. Cytosolic Ca2+ fluxes were measured by use of fura-...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0701849
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite its long-standing reputation as a foul smelling and toxic gas that is associated with the decay of biological matter,hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has emerged as an important regulator of cardiovascular homoeostasis. H2S promotes a number of cellular signals that regulate metabolism, cardiac function and cell surviv...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjp.2008.359
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Magnolol, an active component isolated from the root and stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to exhibit antitumour effects, but little is known about its molecular mechanisms of action. 2 Magnolol inhibited proliferation of human lung squamous carcinoma CH27 cells at low concentrations (10-40 microM...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0705024
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Post-tetanic potentiation (p.t.p.) of the compound action potential in the presence of hexamethonium was observed in the isolated stellate ganglion of the hamster using extracellular postganglionic recordings. 2 The magnitude of the p.t.p. was small (less than a 20% increase) in the control solution, but increased a...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1980.tb07897.x
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Embryonic sensory neurones of the chick grown in dissociated cell culture respond to application of low concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with a change in resting membrane resistance (R(in)) and/or a change in action potential duration (APD) (Dunlap & Fischbach, 1978; Choi & Fischbach, 1981). Intracel...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1981.tb10467.x
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity of the newly synthesized alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug, benextramine, was evaluated in the isolated left atrium of the guinea-pig heart. 2 High-voltage stimulation increased the force of contraction of electrically driven atrial strips, presumably by releasing ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1982.tb09182.x
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Recent studies demonstrated that inhibition or genetic inactivation of the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is beneficial in myocardial reperfusion injury. PARP activation in the reperfused myocardium has been assumed, but not directly demonstrated. Furthermore, the issue whether pharmacological PARP inhi...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0704185
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The action of angiotensin on the circular and longitudinal muscle of the human colon has been studied in vitro. The ED50 value (g/ml) of circular muscle was 8.7 x 10(-8) and of longitudinal muscle 3.1 x 10(-8), while the corresponding figures for acetylcholine were 1.6 x 10(-6) and 1.1 x 10(-6), respectively. Angio...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09553.x
更新日期：1970-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The role of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the regulation of catecholamine (CA) secretion in chromaffin cells remains equivocal from previous studies. 2. In the present study the effect of this cyclic nucleotide on basal CA secretion, as well as on intracellular calcium and membrane potential ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb13257.x
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Recent studies demonstrated that the cardiac calpain system is activated during ischaemic events and is involved in cardiomyocyte injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of AT(1) and AT(2) receptors in the regulation of calpain-mediated myocardial damage following myocardial infarction (MI...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0703860
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Methylene blue (MB) is commonly employed as a treatment for methaemoglobinaemia, malaria and vasoplegic shock. An increasing number of studies indicate that MB can cause 5-HT toxicity when administered with a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor. MB is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidases, but other targe...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01462.x
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The response to vasoactive agents of microvessels of the rat was tested in vivo by direct microscopic observation of the exteriorized mesentery and assessment of cutaneous vascular permeability changes with Evans blue. The constrictor response to a standard amount of noradrenaline in mesenteric microvessels was fully ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb16217.x
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
