Importance of relationship context in HIV transmission: results from a qualitative case-control study in Rakai, Uganda.

abstract：:All locatable subjects (n = 94) for whom tuberculosis prevalence had been determined in an earlier study were tested with purified protein derivative (PPD) and control antigens, sputum sampling, and chest x-rays. Of the 46 who had been tuberculin negative (confirmed with control antigens) 3 years earlier, 2 had develo...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Ciesielski S,Esposito D,Protiva J,Piehl M

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the effectiveness of physician prescribed exercise, health education, and patient self-monitoring, 124 firefighters were medically screened and randomly allocated to a control and two treatment groups. Physiologic and reporting methods were employed to assess adherence to regular exercise at three months and...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Reid EL,Morgan RW

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) depends on the capacity of local communities to mobilize for action. Yet the literature offers few systematic investigations of what communities are doing to ensure support for enrollment. In this empirical case study, we report implementation and outcomes of ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Fawcett SB,Sepers CE,Jones J,Jones L,McKain W

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cohort study was done to determine the direct impact of hip fracture on mortality in older people. Survival was compared between 211 hip fracture patients from a defined area and 201 non-hip fracture control subjects randomly selected from the same area. The mortality rate 1 year after hip fracture was 21.7%; 1-year...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Katelaris AG,Cumming RG

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Higher prices reduce consumption and initiation of tobacco products. A minimum price law that establishes a high statutory minimum price and prohibits the industry's discounting tactics for tobacco products is a promising pricing strategy as an alternative to excise tax increases. Although some states have adopted min...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： McLaughlin I,Pearson A,Laird-Metke E,Ribisl K

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data derived through log recordings of 89 nurse practitioners (NPs) in adult/family practice on 7,086 prescriptions issued during 890 clinical days were analyzed to describe prescribing practices of NPs who held prescriptive authority from the licensing regulatory boards of five western states. Results showed drug uti...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Batey MV,Holland JM

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We evaluated a low-cost strategy for schools to improve the convenience and appeal of drinking water. METHODS:We conducted a group-randomized, controlled trial in 10 Boston, Massachusetts, schools in April through June 2013 to test a cafeteria-based intervention. Signage promoting water and disposable cups ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Kenney EL,Gortmaker SL,Carter JE,Howe MC,Reiner JF,Cradock AL

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Washington County, Maryland, ownership of cats and/or dogs was compared among 48 residents who committed suicide in the years 1975-83 and 96 living controls matched to the suicides by race, sex, and date of birth. Another comparison used as controls persons of same race, sex, and age who died of causes other than s...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Helsing KJ,Monk M

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2001, Maryland's court of appeals was asked to decide whether researchers at Johns Hopkins University had engaged in unethical research on children. During the 1990s, Johns Hopkins's Kennedy Krieger Institute had studied 108 African American children, aged 6 months to 6 years, to find an inexpensive and "practical"...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Rosner D,Markowitz G

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper uses monthly time-series data from 1968 through 1988 to test whether the observed increase in the incidence of low birthweight in New York City represents a reversal of the downward trend that existed prior to 1984. We find that the trend has shifted for both Whites and Blacks. We estimate that between July...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Joyce T

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women of lower socioeconomic status and women of color in the United States have higher rates of abortion than women of higher socioeconomic status and White women. Opponents of abortion use these statistics to argue that abortion providers are exploiting women of color and low socioeconomic status, and thus, regulati...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Dehlendorf C,Harris LH,Weitz TA

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An ever-present challenge for the oral health profession is to reduce the extent of oral disease among racial and ethnic minority populations. Adding to this complex dilemma is the linkage between oral health and systemic health. We describe enhanced cultural competency, in the context of individual cultural beliefs, ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Behar-Horenstein LS,Warren RC,Dodd VJ,Catalanotto FA

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We estimated annual mortality, years of potential life lost, and associated economic costs attributable to regular cigar smoking among US adults aged 35 years or older. METHODS:We estimated cigar-attributable mortality for the United States in 2010 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Smok...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Nonnemaker J,Rostron B,Hall P,MacMonegle A,Apelberg B

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to assess the effects of the North Carolina Improved Pregnancy Outcome (IPO) Project on use of prenatal care and incidence of low birthweight among its primarily Black registrants . Weighted least squares and stratified analysis procedures were used to scrutinize vital statistics data for subpo...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Peoples MD,Grimson RC,Daughtry GL

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As successes mount in reducing commercial tobacco use, an alarming disparity has taken shape in Minnesota. Recent studies revealed that overall smoking rates have dropped to 14%, whereas American Indians' rates remain higher than 50%. With support from ClearWay Minnesota, the organization created from the state's toba...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Boudreau G,Hernandez C,Hoffer D,Preuss KS,Tibbetts-Barto L,Villaluz NT,Scott S

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Along with the rest of Central and Eastern Europe, Croatia has begun to dismantle its long-standing socialist health care system and to replace it with a market-based approach. Marketization's advocates maintain that the market will bring efficiency and quality to the Croatian health care system. Nevertheless, data fr...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Chen MS,Mastilica M

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seventy-eight inner city mothers of third and fourth grade children in three racial groups--white, black, and American Indian--known to need dental treatment for disease on permanent teeth, were interviewed at home by a trained community resident interviewer. Sixty-two per cent of the mothers were on public assistance...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Frazier PJ,Jenny J,Bagramian RA,Robinson E,Proshek JM

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of giardiasis occurred following a family party for 25 persons. Nine who had eaten fruit salad became ill, compared with one who had not eaten the salad (Relative Risk = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.4, 169.3). The fruit salad preparer had a diapered child and a pet rabbit at home who were both positive for Giardia lamb...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Porter JD,Gaffney C,Heymann D,Parkin W

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:From 1985 to 1995, drivers younger than 21 years experienced a 50% drop in fatal crashes involving alcohol. This study addresses whether the decrease is explained by young drivers' drinking less or by their separating drinking from driving. METHODS:Nighttime roadside surveys were conducted in 3 communities ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Roeper PJ,Voas RB

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Objectives. To determine what role the 88 000 Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) vouchers for permanent supportive housing among US veterans distributed between 2008 and 2017 played in the significant fall in veterans' homelessness over the same time period.Methods. Using a pa...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Evans WN,Kroeger S,Palmer C,Pohl E

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A survey was conducted to determine leadership competencies as perceived by 679 community residents (urban/rural) in six states of the Northeast United States. Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which it is important for a community leader to use each competency listed in the instrument. A factor analysis re...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Strand GA

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of antibody to LAV/HTLV-III among homosexual men attending a community clinic and a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Seattle, Washington in early 1985 was 42 per cent and 32 per cent, respectively. Seropositivity was apparently not related to age or number of sexual partners. The high prevalence o...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Collier AC,Barnes RC,Handsfield HH

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With this article, we develop the Drinking Water Disparities Framework to explain environmental injustice in the context of drinking water in the United States. The framework builds on the social epidemiology and environmental justice literatures, and is populated with 5 years of field data (2005-2010) from California...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Balazs CL,Ray I

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The HIV/AIDS epidemic has exacted a devastating toll upon Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, and there is a tremendous need to escalate HIV-prevention efforts for this population. The social context in which Black MSM experience the impact of racism and heterosexism strongly affects their risk...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Peterson JL,Jones KT

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary intakes of nutrients implicated in cardiovascular disease were studied in 143 Black females, age 9 years. Dietary recall interviews were conducted and data compared with recommendations of several authoritative groups. A majority of subjects reported intakes: exceeding recommendations for total fat, saturated ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Steele MF,Gallagher ML

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine sexual violence victimization in childhood and sexual risk indicators in young adulthood in a primarily Latina and Black cohort of "mostly heterosexual" and heterosexual women in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). METHODS:In 2000, a comprehensive survey t...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Austin SB,Roberts AL,Corliss HL,Molnar BE

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During 33 screening sessions in Denver gay steambaths, 48 of 419 (11.5 per cent) men were found to have asymptomatic gonorrhea and six (1.4 per cent) had early latent syphilis. Questionnaires were administered to 160 men who reported a mean of 7.9 different male sex contacts per month. Female sex contacts were also re...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Judson FN,Miller KG,Schaffnit TR

更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We sought to ascertain the types of ethical challenges public health practitioners face in practice and to identify approaches used to resolve such challenges. METHODS:We conducted 45 semistructured interviews with public health practitioners across a range of occupations (e.g., health officers, medical dir...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Baum NM,Gollust SE,Goold SD,Jacobson PD

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From 1919 to 1952, approximately 20 000 individuals were sterilized in California's state institutions on the basis of eugenic laws that sought to control the reproductive capacity of people labeled unfit and defective. Using data from more than 19 000 sterilization recommendations processed by state institutions over...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Stern AM,Novak NL,Lira N,O'Connor K,Harlow S,Kardia S

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors measured polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in maternal serum, cord blood, placenta, and serial samples of breast milk from 868 women. Almost all samples of breast milk showed detectable levels of both chemicals. Overall, values for DDE in this study are within the r...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Rogan WJ,Gladen BC,McKinney JD,Carreras N,Hardy P,Thullen J,Tingelstad J,Tully M

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00