Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Beginning in 2009, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) revised its food packages and provided more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and fewer foods with high saturated fat content. However, knowledge of the impact of this policy shift on the diets of WIC participants remains limited. PURPOSE:To examine the longer-term impact of the 2009 WIC food package change on nutrient and food group intake and overall diet quality among African American and Hispanic WIC child participants and their mothers/caregivers. METHODS:In this natural experiment, 24-hour dietary recalls were collected in the summer of 2009, immediately before WIC food package revisions occurred in Chicago IL and at 18 months following the food package change (winter/spring 2011). Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare dietary intake at these two time points. Data were analyzed in July 2013. RESULTS:Eighteen months following the WIC food package revisions, significant decreases in total fat (p=0.002) and saturated fat (p=0.0004) and increases in dietary fiber (p=0.03) and overall diet quality (p=0.02) were observed among Hispanic children only. No significant changes in nutrient intake or diet quality were observed for any other group. The prevalence of reduced-fat milk intake significantly increased for African American and Hispanic children, whereas the prevalence of whole milk intake significantly decreased for all groups. CONCLUSIONS:Positive dietary changes were observed at 18 months post policy implementation, with the effects most pronounced among Hispanic children.
journal_name
Am J Prev Medjournal_title
American journal of preventive medicineauthors
Kong A,Odoms-Young AM,Schiffer LA,Kim Y,Berbaum ML,Porter SJ,Blumstein LB,Bess SL,Fitzgibbon MLdoi
10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
543-51issue
6eissn
0749-3797issn
1873-2607pii
S0749-3797(14)00053-1journal_volume
46pub_type
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