Abstract:
:Most proteins are regulated by posttranslational modifications and changes in these modifications contribute to evolutionary changes as well as to human diseases. Phosphorylation of serines, threonines, and tyrosines are the most common modifications identified to date in eukaryotic proteomes. While the mode of action and the function of most phosphorylation sites remain unknown, functional studies have shown that phosphorylation affects protein stability, localization and ability to interact. Two broad modes of action have been described for protein phosphorylation. The first mode corresponds to the canonical and qualitative view whereby single phosphorylation sites act as molecular switches that either turn on or off specific protein functions through direct or allosteric effects. The second mode is more akin to a rheostat than a switch. In this case, a group of phosphorylation sites in a given protein region contributes collectively to the modification of the protein, irrespective of the precise position of individual sites, through an aggregate property. Here we discuss these two types of regulation and examine how they affect the rate and patterns of protein phosphorylation evolution. We describe how the evolution of clusters of phosphorylation sites can be studied under the framework of complex traits evolution and stabilizing selection.
journal_name
Front Genetjournal_title
Frontiers in geneticsauthors
Landry CR,Freschi L,Zarin T,Moses AMdoi
10.3389/fgene.2014.00245subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-07-23 00:00:00pages
245issn
1664-8021journal_volume
5pub_type
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journal_title:Frontiers in genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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