[Comparison of International Guidelines For the Application of Cardiotocography].

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:This study examines the recommendations of international guidelines on the use of antepartum and intrapartum cardiotocography. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The guidelines of Germany, Canada, UK, USA, Sri Lanka, Australia as well as FIGO have been compared. The recommendations on the use of cardiotocography were separately evaluated for antepartum and intrapartum use. RESULTS:Antepartum: In risk-free pregnancies the use of cardiotocography is not recommended in all countries. On the other hand the use of cardiotocography is indicated in the presence of a defined maternal and fetal risk factors. While the NICE guidelines recommend cardiotocography in the case of maternal hypertension, as well as preeclampsia, the German guidelines as well as SOGC list considerably more risk factors. Intrapartually, the recommendations vary greatly from country to country. While German guidelines suggest the use of cardiotocography from late 1st stage of labor, the other countries strongly recommend the auscultation of the fetal heart rate of non-risk pregnancies. This is due to the current study situation, which does not show any advantage of cardiotocography as opposed to intermittent auscultation. Furthermore studies have indicated that the use of cardiotocography caused an increase in iatrogenic induced cesarean sections. In high risk pregnancies the use of cardiotocography is strongly recommended in the compared countries, however there are major differences in the definition of high risk pregnancy and therefore the indication for cardiotocographic monitoring. CONCLUSION:Intermittent auscultation is a more cost-effective alternative compared to cardiotocography. However, in the case of legal litigation intermittent auscultation is harder to reconstruct the well-being of the newborn during birth. On the other hand cardiotocography might result in a higher cesarean section rate, but can be more helpful to prove fetal well-being during birth for a legal litigation process. Despite the lack of evidence only German guidelines recommend cardiotocographic monitoring from the late 1st stage of labor for risk-free pregnancies. ZIELSETZUNG:Untersucht werden soll der leitliniengerechte Einsatz des Cardiotokogramms (CTG), sowohl ante partum als auch sub partu, im internationalen Vergleich. MATERIAL UND METHODEN:Verglichen wurden die Leitlinien verschiedener Länder (Deutschland, Kanada, Großbritannien, USA, Sri Lanka und Australien) sowie die Empfehlungen der Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d̛Obstétrique (FIGO). Gegenübergestellt wurden die Empfehlungen zum Einsatz des CTG sowohl ante partum als auch sub partu. ERGEBNISSE:CTG ante partum: Es lässt sich feststellen, dass bei risikofreier Schwangerschaft der Einsatz des CTG in allen untersuchten Ländern nicht empfohlen wird. Bei Vorhandensein definierter Risikofaktoren für das fetale oder maternale Wohl wird der Einsatz des CTG hingegen empfohlen. Während die englische National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)-Guideline den Einsatz nur bei maternaler Hypertonie und Präeklampsie vorsieht, listet die Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG) in Anlehnung an die Empfehlungen der Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) deutlich mehr Risikofaktoren auf. Sub partu: Subpartual unterscheiden sich die Empfehlungen von Land zu Land deutlich. In Deutschland wird der Einsatz des CTG ab der späten Eröffnungsperiode empfohlen. Die Leitlinien der anderen untersuchten Länder empfehlen während einer Nichtrisikoschwangerschaft vorrangig die Auskultation der fetalen Herzfrequenz unter der Geburt. Begründet wird dies mit der bisherigen Studienlage, die keinen Vorteil des CTG gegenüber der intermittierenden Auskultation erkennen lässt. Viel mehr ließ sich in den ausgewerteten Studien erkennen, dass es unter dem Einsatz des CTG zu einem Anstieg der Kaiserschnitterate kam. Anders sehen die Empfehlungen zur Anwendung des CTG unter der Geburt bei Risikoschwangerschaften aus. Hier wird in den Leitlinien der verglichenen Länder der Einsatz des CTG durchaus empfohlen, obwohl Unterschiede bezüglich der Indikation für den Einsatz des CTG festzustellen sind. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG:Die intermittierende Auskultation ist im Vergleich zum CTG zwar eine kostengünstigere Alternative, sie ist jedoch nicht kontinuierlich anwendbar und im Falle von Regressen schlechter nachvollziehbar als das CTG. Das CTG führt zu einer höheren Rate an Kaiserschnitten, bietet jedoch bei korrekter Anwendung Sicherheit für Fetus und Mutter sowie Rechtssicherheit für das geburtshilfliche Personal. Im internationalen Vergleich empfehlen die deutschen Leitlinien als einzige, trotz fehlender Evidenz, die CTG-Diagnostik ab der späten Eröffnungsperiode bei Nichtrisikoschwangerschaften.

authors

Schulten PS,Suppelna JP,Dagres T,Noè G,Anapolski M,Reinhard J,Krentel H,Tempfer C,Schiermeier S

doi

10.1055/s-0043-122945

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-04-01 00:00:00

pages

66-71

issue

2

eissn

0948-2393

issn

1439-1651

journal_volume

222

pub_type

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